盖亚情结的理论内涵及其生态批评效应

The Theoretical Connotation of Gaia Complex and Its Ecocritical Effect

盖亚情结是个体或群体与大地母亲之间心理联系被压抑的结果,是在生态无意识中聚集而成的“心理能量”或“心理内容簇”。盖亚情结的内涵具有两面性:积极的一面是人类深层心理中对大地母亲(或自然母亲)的爱与依恋,消极的一面是人类深层心理中对大地母亲的畏惧与反叛。这两方面并非截然分明,而是在一个“光谱”之中不断滑动,相互影响。盖亚情结理论也是展开生态批评实践的理论工具,它既能解释作家展开生态书写的深层心理动机,又能作为理论视点对生态文学文本进行再阐释。反过来,生态文学文本则是作家的盖亚情结得以从生态无意识中浮出表面的文字媒介。特丽·威廉斯的《心灵的慰藉》就是较为典型的蕴含盖亚情结的生态文学文本,以盖亚情结理论对其进行再阐释,能发掘其中蕴含的深层生态心理内容,并验证盖亚情结理论的生态批评效应。

Gaia Complex is the result of the suppressed psychological connection between individuals or groups and Mother Earth.It is a“psychological energy”or“psychological content cluster”gathered in the ecological unconscious.The connotation of Gaia complex has two aspects:the positive one is the deep human psychological love and attachment to Mother Earth(or Mother Nature),while the negative one is the deep human psychological fear and rebellion against Mother Earth.These two aspects are not so distinct but keep moving and interacting with each other in a“spectrum”.The theory of Gaia complex also serves as a theoretical tool to initiate the practice of ecocriticism.It can not only explain the author’s deep psychological motivation for ecological writing,but also reinterpret the ecological literary text as a theoretical perspective.On the other hand,the author’s ecological literary text is the medium through which Gaia complex emerges from the ecological unconscious.Terry Williams’Refuge:An Unnatural History of Family and Place is just such a text,in which a reinterpretation with Gaia complex theory can lead to the deep ecological psychology and verify the ecocritical effect of the theory.