李大钊早期学习西方政治思想对其后期“民”思想的影响——以穆勒、托尔斯泰为例

The Influences of Li Dazhao’s Early Study of Western Political Thought on His Later Thought of “People”: Taking John Stuart Mill and Leo Tolstoy as Examples

李大钊早期思想深受穆勒、托尔斯泰等西方政治思想家的影响。穆勒是英国功利主义集大成者,托尔斯泰是俄国民粹主义的代表,二者的思想从本质上说都属于唯心主义。李大钊的“民”思想,由前期的“惟民主义”转向“民主主义”,最后在马克思主义指导下形成“平民主义”。促成这一转变的原因主要是近现代救亡图存的迫切需求和李大钊勇于探索、务实求真的文化品格。

Li Dazhao’s early thoughts were deeply influenced by western political thinkers like Mill and Tolstoy. Mill is the epitome of British utilitarianism, and Tolstoy is the representative of Russian populism. Both of them belong to idealism in essence. Li Dazhao’s thought of “people” changed from “people oriented” to “democracy” in the early stage, and finally formed “plebeianism”under the guidance of Marxism. The reasons for this transformation are mainly the urgent need to save the nation from subjugation and to strive for survival in modern times and Li Dazhao’s cultural character of being brave in exploration, being pragmatic and realistic.