《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》的生活实践观及其价值

Practical View of Life and Its Value in Theses on Feuerbach

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中马克思将人的对象性活动视为人的本质的现实化过程。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中马克思进一步将这种活动概括为感性的实践,它既是人的生命本质活动展开的起点,又是破除一切束缚实现人的本性发展需要的现实力量。人的本质在现实性上是通过社会关系的总和表现出来的,并呈现为一个动态的历史发展过程。由此,马克思的实践是按人的本性生活的实践,这种实践活动在发展人自身的同时,也不断推进自然与人类历史的统一。就此而言,它是改变世界的“武器的批判”。在当代人类文明进程中,马克思按人的本性生活实践观点仍发挥着指导作用,具有重要的当代价值。

In The Economics and Philosophy Manuscripts of 1844, Marx regarded human’s object activity as the actualization process of human essence. In Theses on Feuerbach, Marx further summarized this activity as perceptual practice, which is not only the starting point for the development of the essential activities of human life, but also the actual force that breaks all constraints and realizes the development of human nature. In reality,the essence of human beings is expressed through the sum of social relations, and presents a dynamic historical development process. Therefore, Marx’s practice is the practice of living according to human nature, which promotes the unity of nature and human history while developing man himself. For that matter, it is a “criticism of weapons” that changes the world. In the process of contemporary human civilization, Marx’s practical view of living according to human nature still plays an important guiding role and has important contemporary value.