道家与儒家君主为政之道比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Way of Governance between Taoist and Confucian Emperors

道、儒两家的为政之道有着相同与不同之处,不同之处,更多体现在道、儒两家的落脚点——民与君。治国之道中,老子提倡以“道”为核心,君主无为地处理解决国家的一切事务,实现圣人之治的理想境界;孔子提倡以“仁”为核心,君主有为地遵循社会纲常与道德准则,实现以德治国的理想目标。君人之道中,老子主张君主以道修身,实现自身自然的发展,个性自由解放,与自然融为一体,臣与民互不干涉而实现天下大治;孔子主张君主以德修身,以仁义礼智的道德准则规范约束自身行为,使之符合社会规范,臣与民相互影响而营造有为的政治气氛。

The two schools of Taoism and Confucianism have the same and different ways of governing,which are more embodied in the differences, and ultimately come down to the two schools of Taoism and Confucianism——Common people and Monarch. The way of governing a country, Lao Tzu advocated taking “Tao” as the core, the monarch dealt with all the affairs of the country without doing anything in order to realize the ideal state of the saints.Confucius advocated taking “Benevolence” as the core, the monarchs obeyed the social principles and moral standards to realize the ideal goal of ruling the country with morality. The way of a monarch, Lao Tzu advocated that the monarch should cultivate themselves through Tao, realize their own natural development, liberate their personality, integrate with the nature.Monarch and common people do not interfere with each other to achieve the great rule of the world.Confucius advocated that the monarch should cultivate themselves with morality and discipline their own behavior with the moral norms of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom in order to conform to the social norms.Monarch and common people influence each other to create a promising political atmosphere.