网络爬虫的刑法规制

Criminal Law Regulations for Web Crawlers

网络爬虫作为数据时代获取数据资源、开发数据价值的重要技术手段,为人们的生产生活带来较大便利的同时,也存在诸多刑事安全风险。在现实层面,通过对判决案例的筛选分析,网络爬虫的使用不仅发生于互联网领域犯罪中,也易诱发其他关联违法犯罪行为;在理论层面,应明确以国家安全、社会安全、个体安全为内容的数据法益的独立性,并摒弃以技术中立性原则作为使用网络爬虫侵犯数据法益构成犯罪的开脱之词;在技术层面,虽然技术是中立的,但使用技术的行为却有是非之别。将代码理论作为区分网络爬虫善恶的标准,将使用恶意网络爬虫的行为纳入刑法调整范畴之内,并对危害结果这一标准要件的界限加以明确。在罪名设置上,通过解释学方法将使用恶意网络爬虫致损的行为纳入现有罪名体系中进行评价。

As an important technical means to obtain data resources and develop data value in the data age,web crawler brings great convenience to people’s production and life, but also brings many criminal security risks.At a practical level, through the screening and analysis of judgment cases, the use of web crawlers not only occurs in crimes in the Internet field, but also easily induces other related illegal and criminal acts. At the theoretical level, the independence of data legal interests including national security, social security, and individual security should be clearly defined, and the principle of technological neutrality should be abandoned as an excuse for using web crawlers to infringe on data legal interests to constitute a crime. At the technical level, although technology is neutral, the behavior of using technology is right and wrong. The code theory is used as the standard to distinguish the good and the evil of web crawlers, the behavior of using malicious web crawlers is included in the scope of criminal law adjustment, and the boundary of the standard element of harmful results is clarified. In terms of crime setting, the behavior of using malicious web crawlers to cause damage is incorporated into the existing crime system for evaluation through hermeneutic methods.