用御制文献做“江南”文章——以康熙御制诗总集的编纂为中心

Handle Affairs in the Jiangnan Region with Books Edited by the Emperor:Centered on the Compilation of Imperial Poetry Collections by Emperor Kangxi

清初诗歌创作繁荣,选本众多,江南诗人与选家占据其中的绝大多数。江南明遗民的诗作与选本中流露出山河易代的“变风变雅”之音,这与康熙所需要的盛世元音大相径庭。为了消弭江南的“变风变雅”之音,在博学鸿词科召试期间,以冯溥为首的文学侍从发表宗唐祧宋的诗论,呼吁拥护清朝统治的文人共推唐诗、同奏盛世之音,在一定程度上推动了唐诗选的热潮。康熙四十五年(1706)起以《全唐诗》为代表的康熙御制诗总集刊成,康熙在御制序中亲自阐发儒家诗学的基本理念,推崇发于“忠孝”的“性情之正”,倡导“温柔敦厚”的儒家诗教观,将明遗民为了救世而重建的儒家诗教体系涵摄在内,完成了对明遗民诗学观念的收编。康熙还有意识地选择出身江南的翰林、举人、岁贡生、国子监监生等士人担任御制诗总集编纂的主力,引导他们在编纂实践中增强对康熙诗学理念的认同,促进江南士人承认清朝的文化正统性,拉拢江南士绅群体拥护清朝统治。康熙御制诗总集刊发后的江南诗选皆传达“温柔敦厚”的颂圣之音,客观上达到了统一诗学思想的效果。

In the early Qing Dynasty, poetry creation flourished and there were many selected works, among which Jiangnan poets and anthists occupied the vast majority.The sound of “The changing of Feng and Ya” in the poems and anthologies of Ming Dynasty’s descendants in Jiangan is quite different from the prosperous vowels needed by Kangxi.In order to eliminate the sound of “The changing of Feng and Ya” in Jiangnan, literary servants led by Feng Pu issued a poetic theory advocating Tang poetry and opposing Song poetry during the Po-Hsüeh Hung-ju Examination of 1679,calling on scholars who supported the Qing Dynasty to promote Tang poetry,which to a certain extent promoted the upsurge of Tang poetry selection.Since 1706,The Whole Poetry of Tang Dynasty compiled by the order of Kangxi has been successively completed.Kangxi made a preface to explain the basic ideas of Confucian poetics, promoted the “integrity of temperament” of “loyalty and filial piety”,advocated the gentle and kind poetic theory of the Confucian school, and incorporated the Confucian poetry teaching system rebuilt by the Ming Dynasty’s survivors in order to save the world, thus completing the collection of the poetic ideas of the Ming Dynasty’s descendants.In addition, Kangxi consciously selected scholars of different levels from Jiangnan as the main force in compiling the poems, guided them to strengthen their recognition of Kangxi’s poetics in the compilation practice, promoted the scholars of Jiangnan to recognize the cultural legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty, and drew the gentry of Jiangnan to support the Qing Dynasty.After the collection of poems compiled by Kangxi was completed, all the selected poems in Jiangnan expressed the gentle and kind poetic theory, which objectively achieved the effect of unifying the poetics.