基于TLBGA-GRU神经网络的短期负荷预测

Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on TLBGA-GRU Neural Network

短期负荷预测在电网调度安排和电力市场交易中发挥着重要作用,预测精度高,有利于提高发电设备的利用率和经济调度的有效性。为充分挖掘负荷数据中时序性特征的联系,解决神经网络中由超参数的随机选取导致的预测精度下降问题,提出一种基于教与学的遗传算法(TLBGA)和门控循环单元(GRU)神经网络的短期负荷预测方法。利用灰色关联分析法对原始数据进行相关度分析,剔除冗余特征,使输入与输出保持较好的映射关系,在遗传算法中加入一种基于教与学优化的新型变异算子,用于防止其出现早熟收敛问题,从而提高解的质量。在此基础上,运用改进后的TLBGA算法对GRU神经网络模型进行超参数寻优,更新GRU的模型超参数并使其性能达到最佳状态,以提高负荷预测的精度。对欧洲某地区的电力负荷数据集和美国PJM电力市场公开负荷数据集进行预测,结果表明,该方法的预测精度分别达到了97.1%和97.2%,相比反向传播神经网络、循环神经网络及GRU神经网络模型,具有更高的预测精度。

Short-term load forecasting plays an important role in the power grid dispatching arrangement and power market transaction.The higher the forecasting accuracy is,the more beneficial it is to improve the utilization rate of power generation equipment and effectiveness of economic dispatching.To fully excavate the connection of time series features in load data and solve the problem of a decrease in the prediction accuracy owing to the random selection of super-parameters in a neural network,this paper proposes a Teaching-Learning-Based Genetic Algorithm(TLBGA),and Gates Recurrent Units(GRU)neural network for short-term load forecasting.First,the gray correlation method is used to analyze the correlation degree of the original data and eliminate the redundant features such that the input and output can maintain a good mapping relationship.A new mutation operator based on teaching and learning optimization is added to the GA algorithm to prevent premature convergence and improve the quality of solution.Then,the improved TLBGA algorithm is used to optimize the GRU neural network model,update its hyperparameters,and enable its performance to reach the best state to improve the accuracy of its load prediction.The proposed method is used to predict the power load dataset of a certain region in Europe and the open load dataset of PJM power market in the United States.The results show that the prediction accuracy of this method can reach 97.1% and 97.2%,respectively.Compared with the BP neural network,Recurrent Neural Network(RNN),and GRU neural network model,the method proposed in this paper has higher prediction accuracy.