液体碳氢燃料蒸汽重整制氢催化剂研究进展

Research progress of the catalysts for hydrogen production via liquid hydrocarbon fuels steam reforming

液体碳氢燃料具有能量密度高、氢含量大及便于储存和运输的特点,以其为原料经重整制氢并应用到移动式的燃料电池/加氢站对民用设备及国防武器等具有现实意义。本文首先对液体碳氢燃料蒸汽重整机理进行概述,明确当前催化剂面临的积炭、硫中毒等主要问题,从而指导高性能催化剂的设计和开发;其次,总结了几种典型液体碳氢燃料(汽油、煤油、柴油、焦油、含硫碳氢燃料等)蒸汽重整催化剂的相关进展,对比了不同催化剂在相应工艺条件下的活性及稳定性;最后,归纳了几类蒸汽重整过程强化技术包括等离子体重整、化学链重整、吸附增强重整及反应与分离耦合重整,说明了各类强化技术的优点及存在的不足,提出通过构建高效催化剂与蒸汽重整强化技术耦合有望实现液体碳氢燃料的高效转化制氢。希望本综述能为进一步研究液体碳氢燃料重整制氢提供相关指导。

Liquid hydrocarbon fuel has the characteristics of high energy density,large volume hydrogen content and convenient storage and transportation.It is of practical significance for civil equipment and national defense weapons to use it as raw material to produce hydrogen by reforming and applying it to mobile fuel cells/hydrogen refueling stations.Starting from the steam reforming mechanism of liquid hydrocarbon fuel,this review defines the main problems faced by the current catalysts,such as carbon deposition,so as to guide the design and development of high-performance catalyst.The development of catalysts for steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels(gasoline,kerosene,diesel,tar and sulfur containing hydrocarbon fuel etc.)is summarized.Several enhancement technologies for steam reforming process are described,including plasma reforming,chemical looping reforming,adsorption enhanced reforming and reaction separation coupling reforming technology.The advantages and disadvantages of various enhancement technologies are explained.It is pointed out that the high-efficiency conversion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel is expected to be realized through the coupling of the construction of highefficiency catalysts with enhancement technology of steam reforming.It is hoped that this review can provide relevant guidance for the further study of hydrogen production from liquid hydrocarbon fuel reforming.