初中生抑郁状况的影响因素分析

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Depression in Junior Middle School Students

目的探讨初中生依恋、情绪自我调节效能对抑郁的影响。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取上海某区2所中学6~9年级1119名学生,采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、青少年依恋问卷和情绪调节自我效能感量表对其进行调查。结果有254名(22.7%)学生存在抑郁问题。不同性别、是否独生子女和母亲受教育程度不同的初中生抑郁评分有显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同年级的学生在依恋关系和情绪调节自我效能上的差异有统计学意义;6年级学生在亲子依恋、同伴依恋和表达积极情绪管理自我效能感上显著高于7、8、9年级的学生;而在管理消极情绪自我效能感上,7年级学生最低(P<0.05)。Logisitic回归分析发现,性别、年级、亲子依恋、同伴依恋以及情绪调节自我效能是抑郁的影响因素。结论初中生抑郁的发生受到性别、年级、亲子依恋、情绪调节自我效能的影响,应针对不同特点、不同时期的中学生开展有的放矢的心理健康教育。

Objective To explore the effect of attachment and emotional regulation self-efficacy on depression in junior middle school students.Methods A total of 1119 middle school students from grade six to grade nine were selected from two middle schools in a District of Shanghai.They were tested with the Self-Rating Scale for Depressive Disorder in Childhood,Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire,and Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy.Results A total of 254(22.7%)students had depression problems.There were significant differences in the depression scores of junior high school students with different gender,only child or not,and mother's different educational level(P<0.05).Junior high school students of different grades had significant differences in attachment relationship and emotional regulation self-efficacy.Junior high school students of grade six had significantly higher parent-child attachment,peer attachment and self-efficacy in expressing positive emotion management than those of Grade seven,eight,and nine.Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,grade,parent-child attachment,peer attachment,and emotional regulation self-efficacy were the influencing factors of depression.Conclusion The occurrence of depression in junior middle school students is affected by gender,grade,parent-child attachment and self-efficacy of emotion regulation,and targeted mental health education should be conducted for middle school students with different characteristics and different periods.