政策工具视角下我国“互联网+护理服务”政策文本量化分析

Quantitative Analysis of China’s "Internet + Nursing Service" Policy Texts from the Perspective of Policy Tools

目的:了解我国“互联网+护理服务”政策关注的重点以及政策工具使用时暴露的不足,提出对策建议,为今后政策的制定和优化提供参考。方法:检索2018-2020年国家层面和首批试点城市省级层面发布的“互联网+护理服务”相关政策文件,对政策文本进行编码和统计分析。结果:政策工具维度中,环境型工具占比最高,为40.52%(47/116),其次为供给型工具,占比35.35%(41/116),最低为需求型工具,占比24.14%(28/116)。利益相关者维度中,与政府相关的政策文本最多,占比42.24%(49/116),与患者相关的最少,占比3.45%(4/116)。结论:总体而言,供给型工具在使用时对人财物的重视程度存在差异,需求型、环境型工具对护患的诉求欠缺敏锐度,政策对不同利益相关者的关注度分配不均。建议合理配置供给型工具的关键要素,着眼问题导向,挖掘护患根本诉求,均衡关注各方主体的利益。

Objective:To understand the focus of "Internet + nursing service" policy in China and the shortcomings exposed in the use of policy tools, and to put forward countermeasures and suggestions, so as to provide references for policy formulation and optimization in the future. Methods: The study searched the relevant policy documents of "Internet + nursing service" issued at the national level and the first batch of pilot cities at the provincial level from 2018 to 2020, and the policy texts were coded and statistically analyzed. Results: In the policy tool dimension, the environment policy tools accounted for the highest, was 40.52%(47/116), followed by the supply-side policy tools, accounting for 35.35%(41/116), and the demand-side policy tools accounted for the lowest, was 24.14%(28/116). In the stakeholder dimension, government-related policy texts were the most, accounting for 42.24%(49/116), and patient-related texts were the least, accounting for 3.45%(4/116). Conclusion: In general, there are differences in the emphasis on human, financial and material resources of supply-side policy tools. Demand-side policy tools and environment policy tools lack sensitivity to the demands of nurses and patients. And the attention of policies to different stakeholders is distributed unevenly. It is recommended to rationally allocate the key elements of supply-side policy tools, focus on the problem orientation, explore the fundamental demands of nurses and patients, and pay attention to the interests of all parties in a balanced manner.