以社会支持为中介的唐山市共病老年人衰弱与失能的关系

The Relationship Between Frailty and Disability in Older Adults with Comorbidities Mediated by Social Support in Tangshan City

目的:了解共病老年人社会支持、衰弱及失能现状,探讨社会支持在共病老年人衰弱与失能间的中介效应,为制定共病老年人失能的干预措施提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法,抽取唐山市路北区团结里社区内符合纳入和排除标准的454例共病老年人为研究对象,应用一般情况调查表、疾病相关资料调查表、领悟社会支持评定量表、失能量表及Tilburg衰弱量表对共病老年人进行面对面问卷调查。结果:共病老年人社会支持得分为(57.90±7.17)分,处于一般水平;衰弱得分为(3.35±2.14)分,衰弱患病率为27.53%;失能得分为(15.67±2.90)分,失能发生率为31.3%;年龄、主要照顾者、Tilburg衰弱量表的身体维度和心理维度及社会支持量表的家庭支持维度是共病老年人失能的主要影响因素,可解释总变异量的65.4%;且社会支持在共病老年人衰弱和失能之间起部分中介效应,中介效应对总效应的贡献率为17.33%。结论:共病老年人衰弱与失能发病率均较高,社会支持水平一般,社会支持在衰弱和失能间起部分中介效应。

Objective: To investigate the status quo of social support, frailty and disability in older adults with comorbidities, to explore the mediating effect of social support between frailty and disability in older adults with comorbidities, so as to provide reference for the development of intervention measures of disability in older adults with comorbidities. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 454 comorbidities of the older adults who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Tuanjie Li community, Lubei district, Tangshan city as the research objects. Older adults with comorbidities were surveyed by face-to-face questionnaire using general condition questionnaire, disease-related data questionnaire, perceived social support rating scale(PSSS), disability scale and Tilburg frailty indicator. Results: The score of social support was(57.90±7.17), which was at the general level. The frailness score was(3.35±2.14) and the prevalence of frailness was 27.53%. The disability score was(15.67±2.90) and the disability rate was 31.3%. Age, primary caregiver, physical and psychological dimensions of Tilburg frailty indicator and family support dimension of perceived social support rating scale were the main influencing factors of disability in older adults with comorbidity, which could explain 65.4% of the total variation. The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between frailty and disability was 17.33%. Conclusion: The incidence of frailty and disability in older adults with comorbidity was high, and the level of social support was average. Social support had a partial mediating effect between frailty and disability.