北苍术药用和非药用部位挥发油成分分析及体外抗菌活性考察

Analysis of essential oil from medicinal and non-medicinal parts of Atractylodes chinensis and antibacterial activity in vitro

目的探究北苍术药用部位(根茎)与非药用部位(须根、茎叶)中挥发油化学成分差异,并初步评价其体外抗菌活性。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取北苍术3个部位的挥发油,利用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析鉴定各部位挥发油中化学成分并计算其相对含量。采用纸片扩散法测定不同部位挥发油(5 mg/mL)对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性,并分析挥发油中化学成分与抗菌活性之间的相关性。结果从北苍术根茎、须根、茎叶部位挥发油中共鉴定出60种化学成分,主要为萜烯类、倍半萜类、酚类和酮类化合物。根茎、须根和茎叶挥发油中的共有成分有8种,分别为榄香醇、荜澄茄烯、沉香螺萜醇、巴伦西亚橘烯、石竹素、β-倍半水芹烯、γ-桉叶醇和β-桉叶醇。从根茎挥发油中共鉴定出26种成分,其中以4-联苯甲醛的相对含量最高(31.56%);从须根挥发油中共鉴定出21种成分,其中以β-桉叶醇的相对含量最高(44.39%);从茎叶挥发油中共鉴定出42种成分,其中以β-倍半水芹烯的相对含量最高(14.83%)。不同部位挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抗菌作用,抗菌作用强弱顺序为根茎>须根>茎叶;β-石竹烯、α-葎草烯和modhephene的相对含量与挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),苍术酮、姜烯和沉香螺萜醇的相对含量与挥发油对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果呈显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论北苍术药用部位和非药用部位挥发油的成分种类和含量差异明显,但均具有一定的体外抗菌活性。

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in chemical components of essential oil from medicinal part(rhizome)and non-medicinal parts(fibrous roots,stems,and leaves)of Atractylodes chinensis,and to preliminarily evaluate their antibacterial activity in vitro.METHODS The essential oil was extracted from three parts of A.chinensis by steam distillation,and their chemical components and relative contents were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The antibacterial activities of essential oil(5 mg/mL)from different parts against Staphylococcus aureus,S.albus and Bacillus subtilis were determined by paper diffusion method.The correlation between chemical components in essential oil and antibacterial activity was analyzed.RESULTS A total of 60 chemical constituents were identified from the essential oil of rhizome,fibrous roots,stems and leaves of A.chinensis,mainly composed of terpenes,sesquiterpenoids,alcohols and ketones.There were 8 kinds of common components in the essential oil of rhizome,fibrous root and stem and leaves,which were elementol,cadinene,agarospirol,valencian citrine,caryophyllin,β-sesquidiene,γ-eucalyptol andβ-eucalyptol.A total of 26 components were identified from the essential oil of rhizome,of which the relative content of 4-benzaldehyde was the highest(31.56%);a total of 21 components were identified from the essential oil of fibrous roots,among which the relative content ofβ-eucalyptol was the highest(44.39%);a total of 42 components were identified from the essential oil of stems and leaves,among which the relative content ofβ-sesquidiene was the highest(14.83%).The essential oil from different parts had certain antibacterial effect on S.aureus,S.albus and B.subtilis.The order of antibacterial effect was rhizome>fibrous roots>stem and leaves;the relative contents ofβ-caryophyllene,α-humulene and modhephene were positively correlated with inhibitory effects of essential oil against S.aureus and B.subtilis(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The relative contents of atractylone,zingiberene and agarospirol were positively correlated with the inhibitory effect of essential oil against B.subtilis(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical composition and contents of essential oil from medicinal and non-medicinal parts of A.chinensis,and all of them have antibacterial activity in vitro.