童年逆境对中老年人健康的影响——基于死亡选择性处理的研究

Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Perspective of Addressing Mortality Selection

基于2011年至2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查四期数据,以及其2014年的生命历程调查数据,采用逆概率加权后的两层次混合效应模型,探讨童年逆境对中老年人健康的影响。研究发现,童年逆境与中老年人健康呈现显著的“剂量-反应”模式,即经历童年逆境的数量越多,中老年人的各个健康指标状况越差,而死亡选择性的存在会减弱童年逆境与中老年人客观性健康指标之间的关系。此外,童年逆境对中老年人健康的影响存在群体异质性,相比于男性、年龄较大和出生队列较早的中老年人,童年逆境对女性、年龄较小和出生队列较晚的中老年人健康产生更大的不利影响作用,而较高的社会经济地位能够缓冲童年逆境对晚年健康的不利影响。

Employing the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2018 and its Life History Survey in 2014,this paper examines the effects of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)on health among middle-aged and older adults by using a two-level mixed effect model based on inverse probability weights.It concludes that ACEs and the health among middle-aged and older adults have showed a significant“dose-response”pattern,that is,the more ACEs,the worse the health.The existence of mortality selection will weaken the relationship between ACEs and the objective health index of middle-aged and older adults.In addition,there is a kind of population heterogeneity in the impact of ACEs on the health of middle-aged and older adults.Compared with the cases of the male,or the middle-aged and older adults with an earlier birth cohort,childhood adversity has a greater adverse effect on the health of the female,the younger or the middle-aged and older adults with a later birth cohort,while a higher socio-economic status can buffer the adverse effect of ACEs on the health later in life.