制度性自治:面向国家治理现代化的村民自治创新

Institutional Autonomy:Innovation in the Villagers Autonomy in the Modernization Process of Our National Governance

随着国家治理现代化战略的推进,国家加强对基层治理的管理,如何通过接入国家力量提升村民自治能力是基层治理现代化的新命题。乡村振兴背景下,传统村民自治面临熟人社会基础不断瓦解、治理限度不断凸显的困境,难以适应农村社会发展需要。地方政府以资源下乡为抓手,从治理资源、公共权威、公共规则三个方面加强制度供给,形成了新型村民自治制度。地方政府将基层治理纳入国家制度体系的同时保留了村民自治,通过接入国家的力量提升了村民自治能力。新型村民自治与农村基层治理的“非程式化”“复杂化”特点相适配,是接入国家力量且保持基层自主性的新型基层治理模式,区别于国家力量支撑不足的社会性自治和国家力量消解村民自治的行政科层制。在我国处于从传统社会向现代社会转型的过程中,推进国家治理现代化应充分重视基层治理的特点,将国家力量与社会力量有机结合起来。

With the implementation of the modernization strategy of our national governance,the central government has strengthened the management of grassroots governance.How to improve the villagers self-governance ability with the help of the national strength is a new proposition of the modernization of grassroots governance.In the context of rural rejuvenation,the traditional villagers autonomy faces such dilemmas as the collapse of the foundation of the acquaintance society and the emergence of more governance limits,which hinders the development of the rural areas of China.The local government has formed a new type of the villagers autonomy by sending resources to the countryside as the starting point,and strengthened the institutional supply from the three aspects of management resources,public authority and public rules.While including the grassroots governance into the national governance system,the local government has kept the villagers autonomy.With the help of the national strength,the villagers self-governance ability has improved.This new type of the villagers autonomy is in line with the non-institutionalized and complicated characteristics of the rural grassroots governance,a new governance model with the support of the national power and the continuity of grassroots autonomy which is different from the social autonomy with inadequate support of the national power and the administrative hierarchy of the villagers autonomy dissolved by the national power.In the process of China s transformation from a traditional society to a modern society,it is necessary to take into full consideration the characteristics of grassroots governance and the organic integration of our national strength with social strength.