云南特有少数民族成人维生素A营养状况分析

Nutritional Status of Vitamin A among Adults of Ethnic Minority Groups Native to Yunnan Province

目的 分析云南特有少数民族成人维生素A(VA)营养状况,为制定合理膳食促进措施提供科学依据。方法 在2016年至2020年,按第六次全国人口普查的性别和年龄结构,抽取独龙族等7个民族共841名成人。通过高效液相色谱法检测血清VA水平,并按WHO推荐标准进行判定;通过膳食调查计算VA摄入量,并按膳食指南推荐标准进行评价。结果 调查对象血清VA水平为0.55(0.44~0.68) mg/L,且存在显著的性别、民族、文化和收入差异(P <0.05)。VA缺乏率为0.7%,边缘缺乏率为3.7%。膳食VA摄入量中位数为406.0μg视黄醇当量,其中67.0%的调查对象VA摄入低于平均需要量。86.6%的膳食VA来源于深色蔬菜、蛋类、浅色蔬菜和畜禽肉类。结论 云南特有少数民族的血清VA相对充足,但VA膳食摄入状况仍有待改善,特别是在某些民族和老年、低收入人群中。

Objective To assess the nutritional status of vitamin A among adults of ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province,and provide scientific evidence for healthy eating promotions. Methods Between 2016and 2020, 841 adults were randomly sampled from seven ethnic minority groups according to the sex and age composition in the 6thnational census. The serum retinol level was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography( HLCP), and judged by the WHO criteria. Vitamin A intake was calculated through a dietary survey and judged by reference to the dietary guidelines. Results The median serum vitamin A concentration was0.55 mg/L(ranging from 0.44 to 0.68 mg/L) and significant differences were found in sex,race,education and income levels(all P < 0.05). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and marginal deficiencies were 0.7% and 3.7%,respectively. The median of dietary vitamin A intake was 406.0 μg retinol equivalents( RE) and 67.0% of the subjects consumed less vitamin A than the Chinese Estimated Average Requirement(EAR). The major food sources of vitamin A were dark vegetables, eggs, light vegetables and meat, accounting for 86.6% of total vitamin A intake. Conclusion The serum vitamin A concentration is relatively good in the population,whereas inadequate vitamin A intake remains a problem,especially for certain ethnic groups,older and poor adults.