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鼓吹十二案的雅化及其影响

The Refinement and Its Impact of the ‘Guchui on Twelve Tables’(鼓吹十二案)
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摘要 作为具有鼓吹部和雅乐部双重特征的宫廷乐部类或演奏团体,鼓吹十二案地位的历史沿革值得研究。鼓吹十二案在命名、曲目、演奏场合、功能范围及配器等方面随着时间的推移,在宫廷乐体系中不断被雅化,并在唐宋达到顶峰。由于无法被剥离的鼓吹乐及俗乐特征与制乐者对其雅化需求的不断提高形成矛盾,鼓吹十二案在功能上原有的特殊性被削弱,因而在北宋之后逐渐被边缘化。由于雅化,鼓吹十二案并未随着鼓吹乐的俗化而与民间发生较多关系,而是在朝代更迭中随着宫廷雅乐的沉没而消失。其对宋元舞台艺术有一定的影响,创造出了“舞台上的小舞台”这一表演形式;在当代民间音乐中,长安古乐与鼓吹十二案的朝会奏乐略有相似,是一种继承和发展。 As a court music section and a performance ensemble with the dual characteristics of the Guchui(鼓吹,a form of classical music performed with the drums and pipes in ancient China) and the Yayue(雅乐,a form of classical music and dance performed at the royal court in ancient China),the ‘Guchui on twelve tables’(鼓吹十二案)is worth researching in regard to its historical evolution.The ’Guchui on twelve tables’,in terms of naming,repertoire,occasions,range of functions and orchestration,was refined over time in the court music system,reaching its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties.The ’Guchui on twelve tables’ was gradually marginalized after the Northern Song dynasty,as its inextricable characteristics of the Guchui and folk music contradicted the increasing demands of the royal music makers for its elegance,and the original specificity of its function was weakened.As a result of its refinement by the royal musicians,the ’Guchui on twelve tables’ did not become more associated with folk music as the Guchui became more commonplace among the multitude but disappeared with the decline of the court music and the Yayue during the dynasties.It created the “the small arena on the stage”,a form of performance that had a certain influence on the stagecraft during the Song and Yuan dynasties.Moreover,in contemporary folk music,Chang’an traditional music ensemble(长安古乐) bears a slight resemblance to the ’Guchui on twelve tables’,which could be regarded as an inheritance and development.
作者 徐思澄 Xu Sicheng(SOAS University of London,London WC1H 0XG,the United Kingdom)
出处 《铜仁学院学报》 2022年第5期21-28,I0007-I0010,共12页 Journal of Tongren University
关键词 中国古代宫廷乐 乐府 鼓吹十二案 熊罴部 鼓吹乐 雅乐 Chinese court music yuefu ‘Guchui on twelve tables’(鼓吹十二案) Guchui(鼓吹) Yayue(雅乐) Xhiongpi section(熊罴部)
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