2020年徐州市6~18岁青少年生长发育与营养状况调查及相关分析

Investigation and correlation analysis on the growth,development and nutritional status of adolescents aged 6 to 18 in Xuzhou in 2020

目的了解2020年徐州市6~18岁青少年生长发育与营养状况,为更好地促进本地区青少年生长潜力及青少年生长发育制定相应的干预措施提供个体化、地区化科学依据。方法抽取2020年徐州市6~18岁在校学生1239123人作为研究对象,测量其身高、体重,采用WS/T456-2014《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》及WS/T586-2018《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》评估营养状况。采用分层抽样方法,抽取部分对象进行月经初潮及初次遗精调查。结果徐州市6~18岁儿童青少年身高、体重随着年龄的增长而增加,男、女各年龄组身高、体重均值均高于全国平均水平(P<0.01)。生长迟缓、轻度消瘦、中度消瘦的检出率分别为1.01%、2.44%、2.49%,超重、肥胖、营养不良的检出率分别为16.43%、17.39%、5.79%。女生月经初潮最早出现在10岁,发生率为1.96%,90%以上女生14岁前出现月经初潮。男生初次遗精最早出现在10岁,发生率为2.07%,90%以上男生16岁前发生初次遗精。结论2020年徐州市青少年身高、体重随年龄增长而增加,均高于全国平均水平,同时存在营养不良与超重、肥胖问题。虽然肥胖率随年龄的增长逐渐下降,但超重率各年龄段均维持较高水平。青春期发育启动年龄呈现出提前趋势。

Objective To understand the growth,development and nutritional status of adolescents aged 6~18 in Xuzhou in 2020,and provide individualized and regional scientific basis for better promoting the growth potential and development of adolescents in this area and formulating corresponding intervention measures.Methods In this study,1239123 primary and secondary school students aged 6~18 in Xuzhou in 2020 were selected.Their height and weight were measured.The nutritional status was evaluated by WS/t456-2014 screening for malnutrition among school-age children and adolescents and by WS/t586—2018 screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents.Stratified sampling was used to investigate menarche and primary spermatorrhea.Results The height and weight of children and adolescents aged 6~18 in Xuzhou increased with age.The average height and weight of boys and girls were higher than the national average level(P<0.01).The detection rates of growth retardation,mild weight loss and moderate weight loss were 1.01%,2.44%and 2.49%respectively.The detection rates of overweight,obesity and malnutrition were 16.43%,17.39%and 5.79%respectively.The first menstrual period in girls began at the age of 10,with an incidence of 1.96%.More than 90%of girls had their first menstrual period before the age of 14.The time of first spermatorrhea occurred in boys at the age of 10,with an incidence of 2.07%.More than 90%of boys had their first spermatorrhea before the age of 16.Conclusions The height and weight of children and adolescents in Xuzhou increase with age in 2020,which are higher than the national average level.The problems of malnutrition,overweight and obesity still exist.Although the obesity rate decreases gradually with age,the overweight rate maintains at a high level in all age groups.The onset age of puberty showed an early trend.