中国高龄老年人失能的性别差异

Gender Differences in Disability of the Oldest-old in China

目的:基于性别差异视角分析我国高龄老年人的失能发展的影响因素以及变化趋势,为完善健康老龄化政策提供参考。方法:利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查1998-2018年的8期调查数据,通过分层logistic回归模型估计失能的性别差异发展趋势。结果:高龄老年女性失能情况比男性更为严重,且性别差异随着时间推移呈现递增的趋势。慢性疾病、心理健康、居住情况、锻炼等因素会影响高龄老年人失能的发展(P<0.001),职业状况与吸烟行为仅影响高龄男性,教育仅影响高龄女性(P<0.01)。结论:中国高龄老年人失能的性别差异保持不断增长的趋势,其中职业、教育程度、吸烟行为等因素对男性和女性失能发展产生了不同的影响。

Objective:To analyze the trend and potential influencing factors of disability among the oldest-old in China from the perspective of gender differences,so as to provide references for the improvement of healthy aging policy.Methods:Using the 8 wave data from the CLHLS 1998-2018,the hierarchical logistic regression model was used to estimate the trends of gender differences in disability among the oldest-old.Results:The disability of oldest women was more serious than that of men,and the gender difference showed an increasing trend over time.Chronic diseases,mental health,living conditions,marital status,drinking and exercise were the potential factors affecting the development of disability among the oldest-old(P<0.001).Occupation and smoking behavior only affected the oldest men,education only affected women(P<0.01).Conclusion:Gender differences in disability of the oldest-old show an increasing trend,factors such as occupation,smoking behavior and education have different influence on men's and women's development of disability.