健康老龄化背景下我国老龄人口养老脆弱性评估及相关因素研究

Research on the Vulnerability and Related Factors of Elderly Care in China Under the Background of Healthy Aging

目的:探讨我国60岁以上老年人养老脆弱性的程度及其相关因素考察,为提高我国养老服务质量提供参考。方法:数据来源为2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查,以9905名老年人为研究对象,采用聚类分析并引入障碍度模型。结果:老龄人口养老脆弱性总体处于中高水平,中、高等养老脆弱性老年人所占比例为64%。农村老年人口养老脆弱性程度高于城镇老年人。我国老年人口养老脆弱性与住房、亲友往来、政府救助、居住安排、财产损失等多种因素相关。结论:我国养老脆弱性总体处于中高程度,应加快完善我国社会保障制度,提高政府救助水平,同时更加关注空巢老人的情感及生活。

Objective:To explore the degree of vulnerability of older adults over 60 years old in China and its related factors,so as to provide references for improving the quality of China's elderly care service.Method:The data were from the China health and retirement longitudinal survey in 2018 and 9905 older adults as the research objects.Cluster analysis was used and the obstacle degree model was introduced.Results:Elderly population generally had a middle-to-high level of vulnerability,and the proportion of older aldults with medium and high level elderly vulnerability was 64%.The degree of vulnerability of older aldults in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas.The vulnerability of the elderly population in China was related to many factors such as housing,with relatives and friends,government assistance,housing arrangements,and property losses.Conclusion:The vulnerability of older adults in China is generally in the middle-to-high degree.China should accelerate the improvement of social security system,improve the level of government assistance,and pay more attention to the emotion and life of empty nesters.