豆粕不同加工工艺对肉兔颗粒饲料加工特性、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响

Effects of Different Processing Technologies of Soybean Meal on Pellet Feed Processing Characteristics,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Immune Indices of Meat Rabbits

本试验旨在研究豆粕不同加工工艺对肉兔颗粒饲料加工特性、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响。采用单因素随机试验设计,配制5种饲粮,饲粮中的唯一变量是豆粕加工工艺,分别为10%普通豆粕(OS)、10%膨化豆粕(ES)、10%酶解豆粕(EhS)、5%普通豆粕+5%膨化豆粕(OES)和5%普通豆粕+5%酶解豆粕(OEhS)。选取150只70日龄、平均体重为(1.78±0.13)kg的雄性伊拉肉兔,随机分为5个组,每组15个重复,每个重复2只兔;5个组肉兔分别饲喂以上不同饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)OEhS组颗粒饲料硬度最高,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);OEhS组颗粒饲料粉化率最低,显著低于OS组和EhS组(P<0.05)。2)ES组和EhS组肉兔总能表观消化率显著高于OS组、OES组和OEhS组(P<0.05),OEhS组粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著高于OS组和ES组(P<0.05),OEhS组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于ES组、EhS组和OES组(P<0.05)。3)OS组肉兔血清总蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),OS组和OES组肉兔血清白蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);OEhS组肉兔血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著低于EhS组和OES组(P<0.05),OS组血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于EhS组和OEhS组(P<0.05),EhS组血清补体3含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),ES组血清补体4含量显著高于OS组和OEhS组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加5%普通豆粕+5%酶解豆粕能够提高肉兔颗粒饲料硬度,降低粉化率,提高肉兔对饲粮CP、NDF和ADF的表观消化率,降低肉兔免疫反应,可获得较好的颗粒饲料质量和饲喂效果。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different processing technologies of soybean meal on pellet feed processing characteristics,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum immune indices of meat rabbits.A single factor randomized trial design was used to prepare 5 diets,and the only variable in the diets was different processing technologies of soybean meal,which were 10%ordinary soybean meal(OS),10%extruded soybean meal(ES),10%enzyme-hydrolyzed soybean meal(EhS),5%ordinary soybean meal+5%extruded soybean meal(OES)and 5%ordinary soybean meal+5%enzyme-hydrolyzed soybean meal(OEhS),respectively.A total of 150 male Ila meat rabbits of 70-day-old with an average body weight of(1.78±0.13)kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 15 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Meat rabbits in 5 groups were fed the above different diets,respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows:1)the hardness of pellet feed in OEhS group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05);and the pellet pulverization rate in OEhS group was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that in OS group and EhS group(P<0.05).2)The gross energy apparent digestibility of meat rabbits in ES group and EhS group was significantly higher than that in OS group,OES group and OEhS group(P<0.05),the crude protein(CP)apparent digestibility in OEhS group was significantly higher than that in OS group and ES group(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)in OEhS group was significantly higher than that in ES group,EhS group and OES group(P<0.05).3)The serum total protein content of meat rabbits in OS group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the serum albumin content in OS group and OES group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).The serum immunoglobulin A content of meat rabbits in OEhS group was significantly lower than that in EhS group and OES group(P<0.05),and the serum immunoglobulin G content in OS group was significantly higher than that in EhS group and OEhS group(P<0.05).The serum complement 3 content in EhS group was significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the serum complement 4 content in ES group was significantly higher than that in OS group and OEhS group(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,dietary 5%ordinary soybean meal+5%enzyme-hydrolyzed soybean meal can improve pellet feed hardness,reduce pulverization rate,improve apparent digestibility of dietary CP,NDF and ADF,and reduce immune response of meat rabbits,so as to obtain better pellet feed quality and feeding effect.