饲粮添加粪肠球菌对生长期乌苏里貉生长性能、氮代谢、血清生化指标及粪便菌群的影响

Effects of Dietary Enterococcus faecalis on Growth Performance,Nitrogen Metabolism,Serum Biochemical Indices and Fecal Microbiota of Growing Ussuri Raccoon Dogs

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平粪肠球菌对生长期乌苏里貉生长性能、氮代谢、血清生化指标及粪便菌群的影响,以确定粪肠球菌的适宜添加水平及作用机制。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择70日龄、体重[(2.44±0.24)kg]相近的健康乌苏里貉公貉40只,随机分成4个组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加1×10^(8)(Ⅰ组)、1×10^(9)(Ⅱ组)和1×10^(10) CFU/kg(Ⅲ组)粪肠球菌的饲粮。试验预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),且Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅲ组上述2项指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,3个粪肠球菌添加组氮沉积量以及Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组蛋白质生物学价值显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清白蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),3个粪肠球菌添加组血清尿素氮含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅰ组粪便菌群ACE指数和Chao1指数显著提高(P<0.05),拟杆菌门和巨球型菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),小杆菌属、Catenisphaera和光冈菌属相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加粪肠球菌可以提高生长期乌苏里貉生长性能和氮利用率,促进有益菌增殖,抑制潜在病原菌生长,且添加水平以1×10^(8) CFU/kg较为适宜。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of Enterococcus faecalis on the growth performance,nitrogen metabolism,serum biochemical indices and fecal microbiota of growing Ussuri raccoon dogs,so as to determine the optimal dietary level of Enterococcus faecalis and its mechanism.A total of 40 male healthy Ussuri raccoon dogs of 70-day-old with similar body weight of(2.44±0.24)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group,and fed the basal diet(control group)or the basal diet supplemented with 1×10^(8)(groupⅠ),1×10^(9)(groupⅡ)and 1×10^(10) CFU/kg(groupⅢ)Enterococcus faecalis,respectively.The trial lasted for 70 days after a 7-day adaption.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily gain in groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and which in groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05);the feed to gain ratio in groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly decreased(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the above two indices in groupⅢ(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the nitrogen deposition in all Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups and the protein biological value in groupsⅠandⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the serum albumin content in groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum urea nitrogen content in the three Enterococcus faecalis supplemental groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the ACE index and Chao1 index of fecal microbiota in groupⅠwere significantly increased(P<0.05),the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Megasphaera were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the relative abundances of Dialister,Catenisphaera and Mitsuokella were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results suggested that dietary Enterococcus faecalis can improve the growth performance and nitrogen utilization of growing Ussuri raccoon dogs,promote beneficial bacteria and inhibit potential pathogens;the optimal dietary level is 1×10^(8) CFU/kg.