国家身份认知影响下的民国海洋文论建构

The Construction of Maritime Literary Theory in the Republic of China Under the Influence of National Identity Cognition

近代知识分子视中国为大陆国家,英美日等是海洋国家,知识界的国家身份认知在民国海洋文论的建构中起到一定作用。民国文人认为,西方海洋国家有许多作家活跃在海上,而古代中国的作家几乎与海洋绝缘,他们还以地理学为视角,从民族和国家文化层面,论述了自古以来欧美有海洋文学发生,而中国难有海洋文学发生的根源。民国文人呼应知识界的海洋国家建设研讨热潮,建构海洋文学的审美功能论,他们尤其强调海洋文学的社会功能,主张以海洋文学重构中国的国家身份、推进海洋国家建设。

Modern intellectuals regarded China as a mainland country,while treated Britain,the United States and Japan as maritime countries.The recognition of national identity influenced the construction of maritime literary theory in the Republic of China.Literati in the Republic of China believed that many writers in western maritime countries were active on the sea,while writers in ancient China were almost isolated from the sea,which became the root cause of the occurrence or absence of marine literature.From the perspective of geography,they also explored on the level of nationality and national culture the reasons that ocean literature had occurred in European and American countries since ancient times while it rarely occurred in China.The literati in the Republic of China echoed the intellectuals’research on the construction of a maritime country,constructed the aesthetic function of maritime literature,especially emphasized the social function of maritime literature,and advocated the use of maritime literature to promote the construction of a maritime country and reconstruct China’s national identity.The marine literary theory constructed by the literati in the Republic of China based on the cognition of national identity was the national literary theory.