西夏文《佛说甘露经》考释

Textual research of the Tangut Version Foshuo Ganlu Jing

西夏文《佛说甘露经》为存世孤本,在现存汉文藏经中不见对应的同名经典,通过全文对勘,可以确认经中的大部分内容改编自汉文本《佛说天地八阳神咒经》,但两本行文迥异。从经中的词汇和经末结语来看,西夏本还受到了藏传密教的影响,由此可以推断其译出时间概为西夏中晚期。在黑水城出土的文献中存有该经的异译本——来自藏文底本的西夏文刻本《八明满》,两本可为对勘,得十余例西夏文通假字,可见异译本的对勘和字书的同音字条皆不失为判断西夏文通假字的可靠依据。对这一文本的考释既可为藏外佛教文献补充一份新的资料,也可为西夏语文学提供若干新的通假字用例。此外,经末所附陀罗尼咒或可为焰口施食法由西夏传入蒙山地区提供文献佐证。

As a unique surviving version,the Foshuo Ganlu Jing has no equivalents with the same title in the Chinese Tripitaka.By collating the full text,it may be affirmed that most of its contents are adapted from the Chinese version Foshuo Tiandi Bayang Shenzhou Jing,but their specific narratives differ consider-ably.It is reflected in the expression and the pos tscript that the Tangut vers ion was influenced by Tibetan Tan-trism,and is deduced accordingly to have been completed during the last half of the Xixia.There is another version preserved in the collection from Khara-khoto,which turs out to be a Tangut xylograph Ba Mingman translated ftom the Tibetan original.The fact that a dozen Tangut interchangeable characters are obtained by collating two versions provides solid evidences for identifying Tangut interchangeable characters by collating different versions and homonyms in dictionaries.The study of this text may provide new material not only for unorthodox Buddhist works,but also for Tangut philology through some new examples of phonetic inter-change.Moreover,the mantras appended to this version may be regarded as a proof of the transmission of the Xixia ritual of“Feeding the Pretas”into the Mengshan area.