日据时期台湾地区延平郡王祠改号“开山神社”事件探析

On the Incident of Renaming Yanping County King’s Shrine as“Kaishan Shrine”in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation

郑成功信仰是台湾地区重要的民间信仰,具有较强的社会影响力。日据时期,为了全面掌控台湾地区,日本殖民政府对台湾地区宗教状况展开全面调查。基于对郑成功血统、形象、精神的认知和对郑成功信仰政治功效的判断,日本殖民政府在肆意压制台湾地区传统宗教发展的同时,以延平郡王祠改号“开山神社”事件为标志改造和吸纳郑成功信仰,从而体现日本统治台湾地区的“合理性”。通过延平郡王祠改号、改列县社社格、吸纳郑成功信仰进入神道体系等一系列改造,郑成功信仰产生“异化”,并在建筑形态、祭祀活动、精神价值等方面表现出较为浓重的日本色彩,日本殖民统治者操纵台湾地区民众思想信仰的险恶用心昭然若揭。

Faith in Zheng Chenggong is an important folk belief in Taiwan and has a strong social influence.During the Japanese Occupation,in order to take full control of Taiwan,the Japanese colonial government conducted a comprehensive investigation into the religious situation in Taiwan.Based on its knowledge of the lineage,image and spirit of Zheng Chenggong and its judgment of the political efficacy of Belief in Zheng Chenggong,the colonial government,while arbitrarily suppressing the development of traditional religions in Taiwan,took the renaming of Yanping County King’s Shrine as“Kaishan Shrine”as a symbol to transform and incorporate Faith in Zheng Chenggong,thus reflecting the“rationality”of Japanese rule in Taiwan.Through a series of transformations,such as renaming Yanping County King’s Shrine as“Kaishan Shrine”,re-rating the class of the shrine and incorporating Belief in Zheng Chenggong into the Shinto system,Faith in Zheng Chenggong was“alienated”and showed strong Japanese colors in architectural forms,ritual activities,and spiritual values,which clearly showed the sinister intentions of the Japanese colonial rulers to manipulate the belief of people in Taiwan.