不同产地元宝枫种仁主要营养成分及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients of Seed Kernels of Acer truncatum Cultivated in Different Production Areas

以3个产地的元宝枫(Acer truncatum Bunge)果实为材料,比较其种仁活性多糖、三萜、矿质元素(锌、铁、钾和磷)和蛋白质含量及18种氨基酸组成,并对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明,北京九龙山、内蒙古赤峰两产地元宝枫果实翅长和种仁百粒重显著高于陕西杨陵产地,翅长高12.64%~15.71%,种仁百粒重高14.15%~17.94%。3个产地的元宝枫种仁中锌、铁、钾和磷的含量丰富,其中,铁和钾含量在不同产地之间存在显著差异,锌和磷含量没有明显差异。3个产地的种仁均含有较高的蛋白质和人体必需的8种必需氨基酸,依据必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI),北京九龙山和内蒙古赤峰两产地元宝枫种仁(EAAI>95)为优质蛋白源,陕西杨陵产地元宝枫种仁(86<EAAI≤95)为良好蛋白源。此外,3个产地的元宝枫种仁中活性多糖(1.04%~1.58%)和三萜(20.75%~21.22%)含量均较高。3个产地的元宝枫种仁矿质元素含量丰富、多糖和三萜含量较高,且均达到理想蛋白源标准,具有较高的营养价值和潜在的药用价值,其关键成分和作用机理值得深入研究。

The content of active polysaccharides,triterpenoids,mineral elements(Zn,Fe,K,and P),proteins,and 18 amino acids in seed kernels of Acer truncatum cultivated in three production areas were compared and analyzed,and the nutritional value of proteins was evaluated.The results showed that the fruit wing length and 100-grain weight of see kernels of A.truncatum from Beijing Jiulong Mountain and Wengniuteqi Pine Forest Farm in Chifeng,Mongolia were significantly higher than those from Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone in Shaanxi,with 12.64%-15.71%higher wing length,and 14.15%-17.94%higher 100-grain weight.The seed kernels of A.truncatum cultivated in the three producing areas were rich in Zn,Fe,K,and P,where there were significant differences in Fe and K content between the three producing areas,and no significant difference in Zn and P content was found between the three producing areas.The seed kernels from the three producing areas all contain high content of proteins and eight essential amino acids necessary for the human body.According to the essential amino acid index(EAAI),the seed kernels of A.truncatum from Beijing Jiulongshan and Chifeng,Inner Mongolia were high-quality protein sources,with EAAI>95,and those from Yangling,Shaanxi were good sources of proteins,with 86<EAAI≤95.In addition,the seed kernels of A.truncatum from the three producing areas contained highly active polysaccharides(1.04%-1.58%)and triterpenoids(20.75%-21.22%).In summary,the seed kernels of A.truncatum from the three production areas were rich in mineral elements,polysaccharides,and triterpenoids,and reached the ideal protein source standard,indicating high nutritional value and potential medicinal value.An in-depth study is needed for the investigation of key components and mechanism of action.