摘要
对江西省逐小时降水、短时强降水时空分布特征进行较详细研究,可以提供降水、短时强降水的气候变化背景。利用1979—2019年3—11月江西省86个国家气象站逐小时降水资料,对江西省小时降水、短时强降水的比率、频率日变化特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)江西省降水、短时强降水的比率和频率日变化呈较明显的双峰型特征,第一峰值均出现在15:00—20:00(北京时,下同),次峰值均出现在05:00—10:00。(2)降水和短时强降水的比率、频率日最大值空间分布均呈南高北低趋势,而日最小值空间分布大致为南低北高趋势。时间分布上,江西大部分地区降水比率日最大值出现的时段为15:00—20:00,日最小值主要出现在20:00至次日03:00。(3)江西南部降水比率的日分布特征为单峰型,峰值出现在15:00—20:00;北部以双峰型为主,峰值分别出现在05:00—10:00和15:00—20:00,而环鄱阳湖地区为单峰型,峰值出现在05:00—10:00。(4)不同季节降水比率、频率日变化特征存在略微差异,降水比率和频率的双峰型结构均开始于4月下旬,但降水比率结束于6月上旬,降水频率结束于6月中旬。降水比率、频率在其他时间均为单峰型结构。其中,3月至4月中旬、9月下旬到11月峰值分别出现在00:00—10:00和05:00—10:00,6月下旬至9月中旬峰值主要出现在15:00—22:00。短时强降水比率和频率的日变化在3月至4月上旬为单峰型,峰值主要出现在00:00—10:00;4月中旬至7月中旬以双峰型为主,峰值主要出现在05:00—10:00和15:00—20:00;7月下旬至9月中旬又转为单峰型,峰值主要出现在15:00—20:00。
The study on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of hourly precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation in Jiangxi Province can provide the climate change background of precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation,and lay a foundation for further application.Based on the hourly precipitation data from 86 national meteorological stations of Jiangxi Province from March to November during 1979-2019,the diurnal change characteristic of ratio and frequency of hourly precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation in Jiangxi Province were analyzed.The results are as follows:(1) The diurnal variation of ratio and frequency of hourly precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation in Jiangxi Province shows an obvious bimodal characteristics.One of the peaks occurs from 15:00 BST to 20:00 BST and another occurs from 05:00 BST to 10:00 BST.(2) The daily maximum values of ratio and frequency of hourly precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation are high in the south and low in the north of Jiangxi Province.The spatial distributions of daily minimum value of ratio and frequency of hourly precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation are complementary to the daily maximum value.The daily maximum value of hourly precipitation ratio in most areas of Jiangxi Province appears from 15:00BST to 20:00 BST,while the daily minimum value mainly appears from 20:00 BST to 03:00 BST the next day.(3) The diurnal distribution of precipitation ratio in southern Jiangxi presents single peak pattern,the maximum value appears from 15:00 BST to 20:00 BST,while that in northern meteorological stations are mainly double peak pattern,the first peak appears from 05:00 BST to 10:00 BST and another peak appears from 15:00 BST to 20:00 BST,but it at meteorological stations around the Poyang Lake is single peak pattern,and the maximum value appears from 05:00 BST to 10:00 BST.(4) The diurnal variations of ratio and frequency of precipitation in different seasons are slightly different.The bimodal structure of ratio and frequency of precipitation began in late-April,but the precipitation ratio ended in early-June and the precipitation frequency ended in mid-June.The unimodal structures are dominant in other periods.The peaks from March to mid-April and from late-September to November appear from 00:00 BST to 10:00 BST and 05:00 BST to 10:00BST,respectively,while from late-June to mid-September they mainly appear from 15:00 BST to 22:00 BST.The diurnal variations of ratio and frequency of short-time heavy precipitation are unimodal structure from March to early-April,and the peaks mainly occur from00:00 BST to 10:00 BST.From mid-April to mid-July,they are mainly bimodal structure,and the peaks mainly occur from 05:00 BST to10:00 BST and 15:00 BST to 20:00 BST.From late-July to mid-September,they turn into a single peak pattern,and the peaks mainly occur from 15:00 BST to 20:00 BST.
作者
肖安
尹小飞
刘献耀
XIAO An;YIN Xiaofei;LIU Xianyao(Jiangxi Meteorological Observatory,Weather Forecast Open Laboratory of Jiangxi Meteorological Bureau,Nanchang 330096,China)
出处
《干旱气象》
2022年第5期840-848,共9页
Journal of Arid Meteorology
基金
中国气象局2021年度创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z012)
华东区域气象科技协同创新基金项目(QYHZ201801)
江西省气象局项目(JX2020Z04)
江西省科技厅03专项及5G项目(20212ABC03W02)共同资助。
关键词
小时降水
短时强降水
日变化
江西
hourly precipitation
short-time heavy precipitation
diurnal variation
Jiangxi Province