玉米秸秆还田对土壤理化性状及玉米生长发育的影响

Effect of Corn Straw Returning to Field on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Corn Growth and Development

为探索玉米秸秆还田对土壤理化性状、培肥效果、玉米生长发育及产量的影响,本试验设秸秆还田+施肥、秸秆还田+不施肥、秸秆不还田+施肥、秸秆不还田+不施肥4个处理,通过定期取样测定不同处理的土壤田间持水量、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标,对土壤容重、有机质等理化性状进行分析,并定期调查玉米生长动态指标,最后测产和考种。结果表明,秸秆还田区与不还田区相比较,土壤容重降低、土壤有机质等养分含量和玉米产量增加,表明秸秆还田在改善土壤理化性状、提高土壤肥力、促进玉米生长和增加产量等方面有着显著效果,同时具有稳产、高效、环保等优点,是一项较佳的培肥地力和增产措施,可在大方县玉米种植地区加以广泛推广。

In order to explore the effect of corn straw returning to field on soil physical and chemical properties,fertilization effect,growth and yield of corn,this experiment set up 4 treatments:straw returning to field+fertilization,straw returning to field+no fertilization,no straw returning to field+fertilization,and no straw returning to field+no fertilization.The field capacity,contents of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and other indicators were determined by regular sampling,and the physical and chemical properties including soil bulk density and organic matter were analyzed.The dynamic indicators of corn growth were investigated regularly,and yield and seed were measured finally.The results showed that,compared with the area of no straw returning to the field,the soil bulk density decreased,the contents of soil organic matter and other nutrients increased,and corn yield increased in the area of straw returning to field.It indicated that straw returning to field had significant effects on improving soil physical and chemical properties,improving soil fertility,promoting corn growth and increasing yield.At the same time,it had the advantages of stable yield,high efficiency,environmental protection,etc.,which was a better measure for enriching the soil fertility and increasing corn yield,and could be widely promoted in the corn planting areas of Dafang County.