新发现营制类民族图志文本的初步研究:《永北地舆并土司所属夷人种类图》考论

Preliminary Study on a Newly Discovered Ethnographic Text of Camp System:A Case Study on the Illustrated Introduction of Yi Ren Species and Tusi in Yongbei

现收藏于意大利社会地理学会图书馆《永北地舆并土司所属夷人种类图》,是一部绘制清代滇西北边地永北直隶厅辖下土司所属“夷人”的营制民族图志。该图志图文并茂,对研究清代滇西北的民族与边地治理有重要价值。与清代其他民族图志相较,该图志具有鲜明边地治理视角,属地方军事官员主持编绘图志中的资治类型。其绘制的目的为有效辨识与区分所辖区域内各族“夷人”,反映出主持编绘者是以一种民族治理与边疆管控的思维记录边地“夷人”民情。该图志反映了清代民族图志因编绘目的不同而类型各异的特点,对我们深入了解与解读清代民族图志类型差异可望发挥较大启示作用。

The Illustrated Introduction of Manyi Species and Tusi in Yongbei collected in Italian Society Geographical Library,is an illustrated introduction of the Nation about the camp system of Yi Ren in YongBei Zhi Li Ting of Western Yunnan province in Qing Dynasty.It is excellent in both illustrations and texts,and valuable for the research of ethnic groups and border defense in the Qing Dynasty.Compared with the others,this one has a distinctive angle of view about border governance,belonging to governance type presided over the compilation by local military official.The purpose of its drawing is to effectively identify and distinguish among all nationalities in the jurisdiction,which reflects that the host chief’s record of Yi Ren from national governance and the border management.The introduction reflects the characteristics of different types of national graphics in Qing Dynasty,which has the great significance on in-depth understanding and interpretation of different illustrated introduction of the Nation in Qing Dynasty.