大小鼠焦虑行为实验方法概述

Overview of animal behavioral tests of anxiety

焦虑行为学实验是研究焦虑症等神经精神疾病发生机制及开发防护措施的必要手段。焦虑行为实验方法主要是基于啮齿类动物的探索本性与外界环境的矛盾“冲突”从而引起焦虑情绪或动物面临不可避免或即将发生的厌恶性刺激时做出的情绪适应性反应建立的。常用的大小鼠焦虑行为实验方法可分为两大类,非条件反射和条件反射性。非条件反射包括探究行为、社会行为和防御行为,经典的实验方法包括旷场、高架十字迷宫、明暗箱、孔板、新奇环境摄食抑制实验等。条件反射包括饮水冲突、Geller-Seifter冲突等。本文首次对常用的大鼠和小鼠焦虑行为实验的实验原理、操作步骤和评价指标进行系统的概述,旨在为研究者们在进行焦虑行为学实验时选择合适的行为学方法提供参考。

Behavioral tests of anxiety are necessary to study the mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders,especially anxiety disorder,and to develop preventive measures.These tests are mainly based on the contradiction between the exploring nature of rodents and their fear of the external environment,or the emotional adaptive response when faced with an inevitable or imminent aversive stimulus.The commonly used behavioral tests for anxiety in rats and mice are divided into two main categories including the unconditioned reflex type and conditioned reflex type.Unconditioned reflex tests include exploratory,social,and defensive behaviors.Classical experimental method include the open field test,elevated plus-maze test,light-dark box test,orifice plate test,and novelty suppressed feeding test.Conditioned reflex tests include the vogel conflict test and Geller-Seiffer conflict test.The experimental principles,operating steps,and evaluation indexes of these tests are systematically summarized in this article to provide a reference for researchers to choose appropriate behavioral method in anxiety behavior experiments.