发展性救助视角下事实孤儿的社会支持体系研究

Research on the Social Support System of Factual Orphans from the Perspective of Developmental Assistance

近年来,由于社会媒体的大量曝光,“事实孤儿”这一特殊群体逐渐进入人们的视野,受到社会的普遍关注。一是由于他们没有正常儿童应有的和谐家庭、父母的关爱,二是由于他们的社会救助体系薄弱,这使得事实孤儿面对困境时无处求助。从而导致他们生活质量降低,心理健康受阻。笔者通过文献查阅的研究方法,对有关事实孤儿的文献进行梳理,总结出他们在获得社会支持层面存在的问题:家庭与亲属的支持薄弱、社区与社会的力量有限以及政府政策及法律不健全。基于此,笔者认为,科学可持续的发展性救助能有效地化解事实孤儿面临的困境,增加他们的人力资本、改善他们的社会环境,促进他们的社会融入,从而完善他们的社会支持网络。因此,笔者根据发展性救助模式提出完善事实孤儿社会支持体系的建议。

In recent years,due to the mass exposure of social media,“factual orphans”,a special group,has gradually entered people s field of vision and received widespread attention from the society.First,they don t have the harmonious family and parental care that normal children have;second,their social assistance system is weak,which makes the fact orphans have nowhere to ask for help when facing difficulties.Thus,their quality of life is reduced and their mental health is hindered.Through the research method of literature review,the author sorts out the literature about factual orphans,and summarizes the existing problems in their social support:weak support from family and relatives,limited strength of community and society,and imperfect government policies and laws.Based on this,the author believes that scientific and sustainable development assistance can effectively resolve the plight faced by fact orphans,increase their human capital,improve their social environment and promote their social integration,thus improving the social support network.Therefore,the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the social support system of factual orphans according to the developmental assistance model.