明清时期温州的灾害、应对及启示

Disasters, Countermeasures and Enlightenment of Wenzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

灾害与人类社会的发展相伴相生。温州在中国古代是灾害比较多发的地域。明清时期温州的灾害,主要包括飓风、暴雨、海溢等类型。虽然这些灾害发生时持续的时间长短不一、发生的频率不同,但给当时民众的生命、生产、生活,国家的赋税收入、国库费用支出,社会稳定等都带来很大危害。面对灾害,国家和地方士绅积极应对,包括灾前预防、灾后赈恤等。明清时期温州灾害应对的经验,对今天仍具有重要启示意义。

The development of human society are accompanied by disasters. There were many disasters occurring in Wenzhou in ancient China. Hurricanes, rainstorms and sea overflows were main disasters that took place in Wenzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although the duration and frequency of these disasters were different, they did great harm to people’s life, production and life, national tax revenue, National Treasury expenses and social stability. The state and local gentry responded actively to them,including pre-disaster prevention, post-disaster relief and so on. The experience of disaster response in Wenzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties still are of enlightening significance on us today.