木构架古建筑屋顶与围护墙抗震构造鉴定的探讨

Discussion on seismic constructional appraisal of roof and enclosure wall of ancient timber frame building

屋顶、围护墙是木构架古建筑中容易遭受地震损坏的部位,屋顶的主要震害为屋面构件的破碎、滑落,围护墙的主要震害为墙体的歪闪、倒塌,震害程度与结构的整体性和连接构造的有效性密切相关。屋顶、围护墙的抗震构造鉴定关系到整体建筑和生命财产的安全,但现行《古建筑木结构维护与加固技术标准》尚未提供详细的鉴定要求。文中依据唐山地震、汶川地震和芦山地震中木构架古建筑震害统计资料,分析了屋顶、围护墙的震害状况;借鉴古建筑传统工艺方法,提供了加强屋顶、砖砌围护墙整体性和稳定性构造的措施;以现行《古建筑木结构维护与加固技术标准》为基准,提出了完善屋顶、砖砌围护墙抗震构造鉴定的建议。文中研究成果可作为现阶段木构架古建筑抗震构造鉴定以及今后标准修订的补充参考。

Roof and enclosure wall of ancient timber frame building are the vulnerable damage parts in earthquake.The breakage and slide of roof components,as well as the slanting and collapse of walls are the main seismic damage of roof and enclosure wall respectively,and the degree of seismic damage is closely related to the integrity of structure and the effectiveness of connecting construction.The seismic constructional appraisal of roof and enclosure wall is related to the safety of the whole building and life and property,but the current technical standard for maintenance and strengthening of historic timber building has not provided the detailed appraisal requirements.According to the seismic damage statistics of ancient timber frame buildings in Tangshan earthquake,Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake,this paper analyzes the seismic damage status of roof and enclosure walls.Referring to the traditional technological methods of ancient buildings,the paper provides strengthening measures for the integrity and stability of roof and brick enclosure walls.Based on the Technical Standard for Maintenance and Strengthening of Ancient Timber Building,the improving suggestions are put forward on the seismic constructional appraisal of roof and brick enclosure walls.The research results can be used as a supplementary reference for seismic constructional appraisal of ancient timber frame buildings and the standard revision in the future.