竞技与健身领域体能训练辨析

Analysis of Physical Training in Competitions and Fitness

体能训练根据参与人群不同可分为竞技体能训练和健身体能训练.前者以充分挖掘人体身心潜力,提高运动员的竞技水平,后者以强化人体身心健康和社会适应能力,提高生活质量为目的.随着传统体能训练理论与实践的发展,新的体能训练理念、方法、手段广泛应用于竞技体育与全民健身领域,致使竞技与健身体能训练概念混用、内涵泛化、实践中缺乏训练的科学性与针对性,训练效果缺少实证研究.采用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等方法对“体能”一词的起源和概念进行梳理,对其结构、功能和特点进行比较分析,旨在探讨竞技与健身体能的训练内容、训练方法、内在结构和训练理念等方面的差异,以避免二者在概念和实践应用上的混淆.

Physical training can be divided into competitive physical training and fitness physical training according to different participants.The former aims to fully tap the physical and mental potential of human body and improve the competitive level of athletes while the latter aims to strengthen the physical and mental health and social adaptability of human body and improve the quality of life.With the development of traditional physical training theory and practice,new physical training concepts,methods and means are widely used in competitive sports and national fitness,resulting in the mixed concepts of competitive and fitness physical training,generalized connotations,lack of scientific and targeted training in practice,and deficiency in empirical research on training effects.This research adopts the methods of literature study and expert interviews and logic analysis to comb the origin and concept of the word“physical fitness”and to make a comparative analysis of its structure,function and characteristics,with a view to exploring the differences between competitive sports and physical fitness in terms of their training content,training methods,inner structure and training ideologies,so as to avoid the confusion on the concepts and practical application.