氨分解制氢催化剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Ammonia Decomposition Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation

氢能作为二次能源在可再生能源和化石能源发展中将发挥重要的桥梁和纽带作用,但其推广应用受限于氢气储存成本高和运输效率低等因素。采用氨作为储氢载体,其储氢密度高、运输技术成熟,方便分布式现场制氢就地供应,避免氢气储运带来的困扰。氨载氢技术推广应用关键在于氨分解催化剂的发展水平。对近年来用于氨分解的Ru基催化剂、非贵金属催化剂、双金属催化剂和氮化物/碳化物催化剂研究进展进行总结,分析了各种催化剂上氨分解的反应机理以及活性金属、载体、助剂和制备方法对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响,指出了不同类型催化剂的优势和不足,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。

Hydrogen energy,as a secondary energy,will play a significant role as a bridge and link in the development of renewable and fossil energy;however,its wide application is limited by factors such as high storage cost and low transportation efficiency of hydrogen.Depending on high hydrogen storage density and mature transportation technology,ammonia is used as a hydrogen storage carrier,which can facilitate distributed hydrogen generation and supply on site and avoid the troubles caused by hydrogen storage and transportation.The key to implement and apply ammonia as a hydrogen carrier lies in the development of ammonia decomposition catalysts.This paper summarizes the recent progresses of Ru-based catalysts,non-noble metal catalysts,bimetallic catalysts and nitride/carbide catalysts for hydrogen decomposition;analyzes the reaction mechanism of ammonia decomposition on various catalysts and the effects of active metals,carriers,additives and preparation methods on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of catalysts;points out the advantages and disadvantages of different types of catalysts;finally looks forward to the future research directions.