不确定环境下高管团队断裂带对创新效率影响——基于高科技制造企业的追踪研究

A longitudinal research on impact of TMT faultlines on innovation efficiency under an uncertain environment:Based on High-tech manufacturing

文章针对不确定环境下高管团队断裂带如何影响创新效率这一关键问题进行追踪研究,以团队断裂带相关理论为基础,区分社会属性断裂带与信息相关断裂带,构建高管团队断裂带对创新投入和创新效率作用机制理论模型。本文基于制造类高新技术企业2011-2017年间高管团队、创新投入及效率等相关数据,对高管团队断裂带、创新投入及创新效率之间影响关系进行实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)社会属性断裂带负向影响创新投入和创新效率;(2)信息断裂带对创新投入和创新效率具有正向作用;(3)创新投入密度在社会属性断裂带与企业创新效率的关系中起中介作用,创新投入强度在信息相关断裂带与企业创新效率的关系中起中介作用;(4)环境不确定性在社会属性断裂带与创新效率的关系中起负向调节作用,在信息断裂带与创新效率关系中起正向调节作用。研究区分了信息断裂带与社会属性断裂带在环境不确定下对创新效率的影响,并将创新投入区分为投入额度、投入密度与投入强度,分别就其中介效应进行细分研究,据此提出更有针对性的建议与对策。

Innovation decision-making is not only interrelated to the future development direction of the organization but also closely related to the current financial indicators.Therefore,under the dynamic uncertain environment with unpredictable risks,the top management team is prone to diverge in innovation input and decision making.Is it possible that the objective differences among the sub-teams of the top management team formed by TMT Faultlines will affect the innovation decisions?What is the dynamic mechanism of TMT faultlines that affect the process of innovation input into innovation implementation?In order to solve these key problems,this paper carries out longitudinal research to analyze the deferred effect of innovation input and decisions on innovation efficiency.Based on the related theory of team faultlines,this paper divides the TMT faultlines into social attribute faultlines and informationrelated faultlines and discusses the impact of TMT faultlines on innovation efficiency.A theoretical model of the effect mechanism of TMT faultlines on innovation investment and innovation efficiency is constructed,which takes innovation input as a mediator variable and environmental uncertainty as a moderator variable.Specifically,faultlines are quantitatively calculated by R language,and innovation efficiency is measured by the number of patent applications per year.In addition,innovation input is measured by the innovation input quota(enterprise R&D expense/total assets at the beginning of the year),innovation input intensity(enterprise R&D expense/main business income),and innovation input density(enterprise R&D expense/total number of employees).Finally,environmental uncertainty is calculated based on the changes in the main business income of listed companies in the past five years.Samples are selected based on the public data of listed companies,which involve a computer,communication,and other electronic equipment manufacturing,aerospace,new energy,and energy-saving automobile manufacturing,biological and new medicine,electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing,general equipment manufacturing,special equipment manufacturing,instrumentation,and other high-tech manufacturing.The enterprise financial data for innovation input,environmental uncertainty,and control variables measurement are mainly obtained from the database of RoyalFlush financial service center,while the enterprise patent data required for innovation efficiency variable is collected from the patent retrieval service platform of State Intellectual Property Office and info,and the data on the characteristics of top management team members required by TMT faultlines is mainly obtained by collecting information published by Tianyancha and the company′s official website.More precisely,the data from 2011 to 2016 are used to measure the characteristics of TMT members and innovation investment,while in order to measure the lagging influence of innovation input on innovation efficiency,the lagging data of innovation efficiency are selected from 2012 to 2017 for innovation efficiency.Finally,this paper collects the data samples of 432 enterprises.After eliminating the invalid data,we get 207 high-tech manufacturing listed companies′data for five consecutive years.In addition to the missing values,961 sets of observation values are obtained.Stata 13.0 is used to test the constructed theoretical model.The results show that:(1)social attribute faultline has a negative effect on innovation input and innovation efficiency;(2)information-related faultline has a positive effect on innovation input and innovation efficiency;(3)innovation input density plays a mediating role between social attribute faultline and the innovation efficiency,while innovation input intensity plays a mediating role between information-related faultline and the innovation efficiency.(4)the environmental uncertainty has a negative adjustment effect and a positive adjustment respectively in the relationship between the social attribute faultline and the information-related faultline on the innovation efficiency of enterprises.In brief,this research tests the impact of the TMT faultlines on innovation efficiency under an uncertain environment separately studies the mediating effect of innovation input from the amount,density,and intensity of innovation input,clarifies the different effects of information-related faultline and social attribute faultline and discovers different influence paths mediated by innovation input.When environmental uncertainty increases,the top management team will tend to unite and reach an agreement on innovation.Finally,this article further advances the existing research and proposes more targeted suggestions and countermeasures accordingly.