丛枝菌根真菌-植物-根际微生物互作研究进展与展望

Research progress and future directions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-plantrhizosphere microbial interaction

根际微生态作为土壤生态环境的热区,以多种方式影响着植物的生长和代谢,许多科学家将根系视为第二次绿色革命的关键。丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)是植物最普遍的菌根共生类别之一,与陆地植物的进化史密不可分。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)与宿主植物根系形成的菌根共生体可改变植株根系形态、改善营养状况,从而促进宿主植物的生长发育,提高抗逆性及抗病性,参与植物的许多生理代谢过程,并通过对土壤结构及微生物群落结构的调节间接影响植物的生长。本文简述了AMF与植物、根际微生物和菌根辅助菌(mycorrhizae helper bacteria,MHB)的互作研究结果,探讨了菌根共生对植株建立、竞争、维持生物多样性及其在地球环境生态中的重要作用。尽管AMF与植株共生已经表现出良好的生产效益,但是大多数科学文献报道的研究都是在受控条件(生长室或温室、无菌基质)下进行的,由于AMF在自然环境中的响应可能会发生显著变化,因此我们还需要在田间条件下评估AMF的能力。其次,进一步探索植物与真菌分子对话中的共生基因网络和关键转录因子、破译MHB的关键代谢信号通路也十分重要。

Microecology of rhizosphere,a key area of soil ecology,affects plant growth and metabolism in many ways.Many scientists regard the root system as key to the second green revolution.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)is one of the most common mycorrhizal symbiotic categories of plants and is closely related to the evolutionary history of terrestrial plants.Mycorrhizal symbionts formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and host plant roots can change plant root morphology and improve nutritional status to promote the growth and development of host plants,improve stress resistance and disease resistance,participate in many physiological metabolic processes of plants,and indirectly affect plant growth through the regulation of soil structure and microbial community structure.This paper briefly describes the interaction between AMF and plants,rhizosphere microorganisms,and mycorrhizal helper bacteria(MHB);and discusses the important role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant establishment,competition,maintenance of biodiversity,and its role in the Earth’s ecology.Although the symbiosis between AMF and plants has shown good production benefits,most of the studies reported in the scientific literatures have been carried out under controlled conditions(growth chamber or greenhouse,sterile substrate).Because the response of AMF in the natural environment may differ significantly,it is also needed to evaluate the ability of AMF under field conditions.It is also very important to further explore the symbiotic gene network and key transcription factors in the molecular dialogue between plants and fungi,and decipher the key metabolic signaling pathway of MHB.