基于HAZOP的甲醇制氢生产过程风险分析研究

Risk analysis of hydrogen production from methanol based on HAZOP

甲醇制氢的制氢率高、成本低,目前是一种比较成熟的制氢技术。但甲醇制氢要经过换热、汽化过热、转化反应以及变压吸附等一系列复杂工艺。同时氢气为易燃气体,爆炸极限低,操作不慎可能引发严重的安全事故。因此,为了辨识甲醇制氢生产工序中存在的危险有害因素,查明主要的风险隐患,本文采用危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)方法对甲醇制氢的工艺流程进行危险辨识与后果评估。HAZOP作为一种成熟的结构化风险分析方法,可以系统识别危险因素。本文对甲醇制氢的工艺流程进行节点划分,深入讨论了流量、压力等因素可能导致的偏差以及后果,并制定了针对性的预防措施,提升了甲醇制氢的工艺安全水平。结果表明,甲醇制氢的主要风险集中在蒸汽管线排水异常、蒸汽管线以及氢气缓冲罐超压等方面。

Methanol hydrogen production has high hydrogen production rate and low cost.At present,it is a relatively mature hydrogen production technology.However,methanol hydrogen production needs a series of complex processes,such as heat exchange,vaporization overheating,conversion reaction and pressure swing adsorption.At the same time,hydrogen is a flammable gas with low explosion limit.Careless operation may lead to serious safety accidents.Therefore,in order to identify the dangerous and harmful factors existing in the production process of methanol hydrogen production and identify the main potential risks,HAZOP method is used to carry out hazard identification and consequence assessment for the process flow of methanol hydrogen production in this paper.As a mature structured risk analysis method,HAZOP can systematically identify risk factors.In this paper,the process flow of methanol hydrogen production is divided into nodes,the possible deviations and consequences caused by factors such as flow and pressure are deeply discussed.Targeted preventive measures are formulated to improve the process safety level of methanol hydrogen production.The results show that the main risks of methanol hydrogen production are concentrated in abnormal drainage of steam pipeline,overpressure of steam pipeline and hydrogen buffer tank.