风力发电机叶片覆冰量化分析及其应用

Quantitative Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Icing and Its Application

风力发电机叶片覆冰量化分析是认识和解决覆冰问题的基础。考虑到目前国内外对此鲜有研究,该文在多功能人工气候实验室中对小型风力发电机进行人工覆冰试验,获取雨凇、硬雾凇和软雾凇三种覆冰条件下的叶片覆冰冰型,并对覆冰结果进行深入分析;同时,给出了较为完善的叶片覆冰标定方法,实现对叶片覆冰的量化分析,进而对其实际应用进行了分析。研究结果表明:覆冰集中于叶片的前缘区域,且在截面翼型表面驻点附近的覆冰范围大约为叶片弦长的11%;覆冰在叶片展向上呈现线性增长趋势,大约占据叶片长度的70%,且在靠近叶尖处约30%~40%的叶片长度区域上覆冰较为明显。因而,可将靠近叶尖处约30%~40%的叶片长度且占据叶片弦长11%的截面翼型表面所形成的前缘区域作为重点研究区域,即在实际应用中可将其设计为最佳覆冰防护区域及叶片覆冰厚度监测点的设定区域。该文研究结果可为解决风机覆冰问题提供数据参考。

The quantitative analysis of wind turbine blade icing is the basis of understanding and solving the icing problem.Considering that there is little research on this at home and abroad,in this paper,the artificial icing test of small wind turbine is carried out in the multi-functional artificial climate laboratory,the blade icing types under three icing conditions such as rime,hard rime and soft rime are obtained,and the icing results are deeply analyzed;At the same time,a relatively perfect blade icing calibration method is given to realize the quantitative analysis of blade icing,and then its practical application is analyzed.The results show that the icing is concentrated in the leading edge of the blade,and the icing range near the stagnation point of the airfoil surface is about 11%of the chord length of the blade;The icing showed a linear growth trend in the blade span-wise direction,accounting for about 70%of the blade length,and the icing was more obvious in the area of about 30%~40%of the blade length near the blade tip.Therefore,the leading edge area formed by the section airfoil surface near the blade tip with about 30%~40%of the blade length and occupying 11%of the blade chord length can be taken as the key research area,that is,in practical application,it can be designed as the best icing protection area and the setting area of blade icing thickness monitoring points.The research results of this paper can provide data reference for solving the problem of fan icing.