离婚当事人约定的“赠与子女财产”条款研究

Research on the Clause of "Gift of Property to Child" Agreed by the Divorce Parties

离婚当事人约定“赠与子女财产”条款的性质宜确定为“特殊赠与”,虽其具有赠与性质,但属于因离婚产生的法律后果,而且赠与的目的很复杂,不宜适用《民法典》关于赠与合同的规定,赠与人不能任意撤销。对此,依据《民法典·总则编》的监护、民事法律行为、法定代理制度,以及意思表示形式、意思表示解释规定即可证成,类推适用合同法相关制度过于牵强,存在偏差。子女有权请求父母履行赠与义务,此项权利属于债权请求权,受诉讼时效和执行期限规定的限制。在赠与财产产权变更登记完成前,外部债权人申请强制执行的,符合特定要件情形下,受赠子女有权提起执行异议之诉排除强制执行,以实现利益的平衡。

The nature of the"gift of property to child"clause that the divorce parties agree should be characterized as"special gift".Although it has the nature of gift,it doesn't apply the Civil Code provisions on gift contract,one or two parties can't revoke arbitrarily,because it belongs to legal consequences of divorce and the purpose of gift is very complex.This can be justified according to the systems of guardianship,civil legal act,legal agency and provisions on the form and interpretation of expression of will which are provided in the General Part of Civil Code.It is too far-fetched and biased to apply the relevant system of contract law by analogy.Child has right to request parents to perform the gift obligation.This right is claim right which is restricted by the statute of limitations.If the external creditor applies for compulsory execution before the donated property goes through the registration of the property right change,the donated child has right to file an enforcement objection to exclude compulsory enforcement under certain condition,so as to achieve balance of interests.