大津事件与俄国对日外交危机应对--基于俄国外交档案文件的考察

Otsu Incident and Russia’s Response to the Diplomatic Crisis with Japan-Investigation Based on the Diplomatic Ar Archives of the Russian Empire

大津事件是19世纪90年代俄日关系史上的一次重大政治事件,具有国际危机的典型特征。日本为减少事件可能带来的负面甚或灾难性影响,立即展开危机公关。俄国出于国家整体外交目标和远东政策的战略考量,采取了比较灵活的应对措施,做出“微小却十分必要的让步”。大津事件最终以尼古拉短暂继留日本后离开、行刺者津田三藏被判终身监禁、日本“亲俄派”出任外务大臣而平息,俄日关系很快回到睦邻友好的传统轨道。俄国的危机应对虽体现出俄国对俄日关系的重视,但也暴露出对日本的傲慢与轻视。对俄日关系的“重视”与对日本的“轻视”构成这一时期俄国对日外交的特点。俄国对日本外交态度快速转变的深层原因把握不准确,为后来远东政策的失败埋下伏笔。

The Otsu Incident is a major political event in the history of Russia-Japan relations in the 1890s,with typi-cal characteristics of international crisis.Japan,the"crisis maker",immediately launched crisis public relations in order to reduce the possible negative or even disastrous impact of the Otsu Incident.Considering the interests country's overall diplomatic objectives and Far East policy,Russia adopted more flexible countermeasures and made"a minute and necessary concession".The Otsu incident ended with Nicolas leaving after staying in Japan for a short time,sen-tencing the assassin Sanzang Tsuda to life imprisonment,and Japan's"Pro Russian faction"becoming foreign minister.Russia's response to the crisis reflects the Russian Empire's attention to Russia-Japan relations and the arrogance and contempt for Japan.The"attentron"to Russia-Japan relations and the"contempt"for Japan constitute the character-istics of Russia's diplomacy towards Japan in this period.Russia's grasp of Japan's rapidly changing role was very un-timely,laying the groundwork for the subsequent failure of the Far East policy.