刑事自诉案件公诉化治理的批判与完善--以“枫桥经验”为视角

Criticism and Improvement of the Public Prosecution Governance of Criminal Private Prosecution Cases——Based on"Fengqiao Experience"

我国刑事自诉案件一直遵循自诉为主、公诉为辅的原则,但是,刑事自诉案件公诉化倾向在2020年“杭州诽谤案”的影响之下有愈演愈烈之势。社会舆论的高度关注以及社会公众对公权治理的盲目信任造成了刑事自诉案件公诉化现象。就个案而言,这虽然达到了较好的治理效果,但也随附着激化社会矛盾、损害整体公正及上升矛盾解决层级等危害。相反,刑事自诉机制更加契合“枫桥经验”——坚持群众路线、加强矛盾预防、坚守矛盾不上交及降低治理成本的社会治理理念。因此,回归刑事自诉案件自诉为主的治理路径,扩大侦查机关协助被害人提供证据的案件范围,健全以公安、法院调解,诉中调解为主的自诉案件调解机制,方能将“枫桥经验”的相关理念落到实处。

China's criminal private prosecution cases have always followed the principle of private prosecution first and public prosecution second.However,the tendency of public prosecution of criminal private prosecution cases will be-come more and more intense under the influence of the"Hangzhou Libel Case"in 2020.The high attention of public opinion and the blind trust of the public in public power governance have created the phenomenon of public prose-cution of criminal private prosecution cases.As far as the case is concerned,although it has achieved a good gover-nance effect,it also intensifies social contradictions,damages the overall justice and raises the level of conflict resolu-tion.On the contrary,the mechanism of criminal private prosecution is more in line with the social governance con-cept of"Fengqiao Experience",which adheres to the mass line,strengthens the prevention of contradictions,and clings to the non-submission of contradictions and reduces the governance cost.Therefore,we should return to the governance path of private prosecution in criminal cases and expand the scope of cases in which investigative organs assist victims to provide evidence.Only by improving the mediation mechanism of private prosecution cases,which focuses on public security,court mediation and litigation mediation,can the relevant concepts of the"Fengqiao Expe-rience"be implemented.