论著作财产权权利内容的分割与整合--基于“权利束”与“模块化”理论的考察

On Division and Integration of Economic Rights in Copyright Law——A Study Based on“Bundle-of-Rights”and“Modularity”Theory

著作财产权内容的结构特征对著作权许可及转让的稳定性、效率性及公平性具有重要影响,准确把握著作财产权内容整合与分割的限度是合理安排著作财产权种类与内容构造的关键。“权利束”与“模块化”理论为辩证分析上述问题提供了恰当的工具。应当看到,虽然我国现行《著作权法》采用的“细分列举+兜底”的著作财产权内容设置方式弊端明显,对其进行高度类型化整合的观点也颇具市场,但将著作财产权内容进行高度类型化整合的策略亦有弊端。在立法及司法实践中,我国应谨慎把握著作财产权内容的类型化整合尺度,既要关注外在权利内容规范表达上的扩张与缩限,也要关注著作财产权内在的碎片化倾向,在坚持强化权利法定原则的基础上,处理好网络时代下著作权许可及转让过程中的权利过度分割利用问题,最终从静态与动态两个层面,完善优化我国的著作财产权结构,实现权利人与社会公众间的利益合理分配。

The current Chinese copyright law has adopted the way of exhaustively enumerating economic rights with over-detailed classifications as well as a weird catch-all clause,which has obvious defects.Therefore,the call for a systematic and highly categorized integration and reconstruction of right structure in the Chinese copyright law reigns the academia.The theory of“bundle-of-rights”and“modularity”derived from the Anglo-American property law accurately reveals the inherent characteristics of copyright and its historical and realistic perspective provides a solid theoretical basis for analyzing the division and integration of the types of economic rights in copyright law.It should be noted that the highly integrated copyright structure has its own disadvantages and dangers,and the resulting conflict between freedom of contract enjoyed by the rightholders and numerus clausus principle should not be ignored.The future legislation should try to find a proper balance between the division and integration of the types of economic rights in copyright law and curb the excessive“fragmentation”in copyright by means of legal system design and industry autonomy,so as to realize the balance between private interests and social welfare.