2013-2020年某大型煤矿企业作业环境中呼吸性粉尘浓度动态分析

Dynamic analysis of respirable dust concentration in the working environment of a large coal mine in 2013-2020

目的研究某煤矿企业2013—2020年作业环境中呼吸性粉尘浓度的特点及变化趋势。方法选择陕西省某大型煤矿企业作为研究现场,收集该企业作业环境中呼吸性粉尘历年检测资料,分析呼吸性粉尘的特点和动态变化情况。结果该企业主要工作面的粉尘游离二氧化硅含量低于10%,粉尘性质为煤尘。不同工作场所的呼吸性粉尘年平均浓度不同,以综掘连采工作面(范围0.32~18.68 mg/m^(3))和综采工作面(0.36~8.11 mg/m^(3))的危害最严重。不同工种的呼吸性粉尘年平均浓度不同,连采机司机(1.30~18.68 mg/m^(3))、梭车司机(0.32~14.77 mg/m^(3))、破碎机司机(0.59~8.23 mg/m^(3))、综掘机司机(0.99~5.05 mg/m^(3))、综采机司机(1.10~8.11 mg/m^(3))、支架工(1.10~6.09 mg/m^(3))等工种的粉尘危害严重。呼吸性粉尘平均浓度在2013—2014年升至最高,2015—2018年呈下降趋势,2019—2020年有一定回升。结论该煤矿企业呼吸性粉尘分布广泛,存在于多个工作场所和工种;粉尘浓度高,但总体呈现下降趋势。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and variation trend of respirable dust concentration in the working environment of a coal mine from 2013 to 2020.Methods A large coal mine in Shaanxi Province was selected as the research site.The inspection data regarding the respirable dust concentration across the years were collected.The characteristics and dynamic changes of respirable dust concentration were analyzed.Results The content of free silica in the main workplaces of the coal mine was less than 10%,and the dust was classified as the coal dust.The average annual concentrations of respirable dust varied in different workplaces,with the highest values in the fully mechanized winning and continuous mining face(0.32 mg/m^(3)~18.68 mg/m^(3))and fully mechanized mining face(0.36 mg/m^(3)~8.11 mg/m^(3)).The average annual concentrations of respirable dust varied among different jobs,with the highest value among continuous miner drivers(1.30mg/m^(3)~18.68 mg/m^(3)),followed by shuttle truck drivers(0.32 mg/m^(3)~14.77 mg/m^(3)),crusher drivers(0.59 mg/m^(3)~8.23 mg/m^(3)),fully mechanized winning machine drivers(0.99 mg/m^(3)~5.05 mg/m^(3)),fully mechanized mining machine drivers(1.10 mg/m^(3)~8.11 mg/m^(3)),and timbermen(1.10mg/m^(3)~6.09 mg/m^(3)).The average concentration of respirable dust increased to the highest level during 2013-2014,then showed a downward trend during 2015-2018,and rebounded to a certain extent during2019-2020.Conclusion Respirable dust was widely distributed in the workplaces and across jobs.The concentrations of respirable dust were high,but the overall trend was downward.