陕西安康地区过敏性鼻炎患者发病与季节气候的相关性

Correlation between the incidence of allergic rhinitis and seasonal climate in patients with allergic rhinitis in Ankang area of Shaanxi Province

目的分析陕西安康地区过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者发病与季节气候的相关性,为防治AR提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机的方法调查2019年1月至2020年1月安康市中心医院耳鼻咽喉科就诊的AR患者567例,抽取AR患者肘静脉血5 mL,离心上清液,采用ELISA法测定过敏原特异性IgE抗体,检测过敏原包括吸入性过敏原15种和食入性过敏原20种;统计每个月AR人数,记录同期平均气压(Hpa)、平均温度(℃)、平均降雨量(mm)、平均风速(m/s),采用Pearson相关分析单个气候因素与AR发病间的相关性分析;结果567例AR患者中吸入性过敏原主要为尘螨357例(62.96%)、猫毛75例(13.23%)、艾蒿37例(6.53%)、蟑螂29例(5.11%)、屋尘26例(4.59%);食入性过敏原主要为虾49例(8.64%)、羊肉36例(6.35%)、海鱼32例(5.64%)、黄豆26例(4.59%)。猫毛、艾蒿在不同年龄间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);陕西安康地区AR患者发病主要集中在夏季(32.98%)和秋季(46.38%),艾蒿、屋尘在不同季节间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。陕西安康地区AR患者发病例数与平均温度、平均降雨量呈正相关(r=0.481、0.671,P<0.05);与平均风速、平均气压呈负相关(r=-0.413、-0.549,P<0.05)。结论陕西安康地区AR患者最常见的过敏原为尘螨,主要集中在夏季和秋季发病,与安康地区的季节气候有一定相关性。

Objective To analyze the distribution of allergens in allergic rhinitis(AR)patients and the correlation between the incidence of allergic rhinitis and seasonal climate in Ankang area of Shaanxi Province,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AR.Methods A total of 567 AR patients admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology,Ankang Central Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were investigated by multi-stage stratified random method.Five mL elbow venous blood were extracted from AR patients,and the supernatants were collected after centrifugation.Allergen specific IgE antibodies were determined by ELISA.Allergens tested included 15 inhalation allergens and 20 ingestion allergens.The number of AR patients per month was counted,and the average air pressure(Hpa),average temperature(℃),average rainfall(mm)and average wind speed(m/s)were recorded during the same period.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between single climate factor and the incidence of AR.Results Among the 567 AR patients,inhaled allergens were mainly dust mites in 357 cases(62.96%),cat hair in 75 cases(13.23%),mugwort in 37 cases(6.53%),cockroaches in 29 cases(5.11%),and house dust in 26 cases(4.59%);ingestion allergens were mainly shrimp in 49 cases(8.64%),mutton in 36 cases(6.35%),marine fish in 32 cases(5.64%),and soybean in 26 cases(4.59%).There were statistically significant differences in cat hair and mugwort among different ages(P<0.05).The incidence of AR patients in Ankang area of Shaanxi Province was mainly concentrated in summer(32.98%)and autumn(46.38%),and there was statistical significance between mugwort and house dust in different seasons(P<0.05).The number of AR cases was positively correlated with average temperature and rainfall(r=0.481,0.671,P<0.05).It was negatively correlated with average wind speed and average air pressure(r=-0.413,-0.549,P<0.05).Conclusion Dust mites are the most common allergen in AR patients in Ankang area of Shaanxi Province.The incidence of AR mainly occurs in summer and autumn,which has a certain correlation with the seasonal climate in Ankang area.