2018-2021年南京市农村环境卫生状况调查

Rural environmental sanitation status in Nanjing,China,2018-2021

目的调查南京市农村环境卫生状况,为提高农村环境卫生质量提供科学依据。方法2018—2021年按照分层随机抽样的方法每年在南京市高淳区和浦口区两个监测点分别选取5个乡镇、每个乡镇选取4个村,开展农村环境卫生调查和土壤重金属含量的实验室检测。结果2018—2021年监测点均为集中式供水,监测村卫生厕所户数的比例分别为98.56%(36825/37362)、95.88%(35061/36569)、97.88%(43474/44415)和99.99%(47643/47649),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=589.57,P<0.01),卫生厕所类型以三格式卫生厕所为主。户厕粪便的处理方式进入排水系统的分别占37.50%(15/40)、60.00%(24/40)、67.50%(27/40)和67.50%(27/40),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.94,P=0.019)。2021年生活污水管道排放已完全普及。开展灭四害的比例呈逐年上升趋势,均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。铅、镉含量存在超过土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险筛选值标准现象。结论南京市农村环境卫生情况逐年改善,应进一步加强病媒生物防控和土壤重金属监测。

Objective To investigate the rural environmental sanitation status in Nanjing, China, and to provide a scientific basis for improving rural environmental sanitation quality.Methods In 2018-2021, four villages from each of five townships by the stratified random sampling method, were selected annually at the monitoring sites of Gaochun District and Pukou District of Nanjing to conduct rural environmental sanitation survey and laboratory testing of heavy metal content in soil samples.Results All the monitoring sites were provided with central water supply in 2018-2021. The proportions of households with sanitary latrines in the monitored villages were 98.56%(36 825/37 362), 95.88%(35 061/36 569), 97.88%(43 474/44 415), and 99.99%(47 643/47 649), respectively, with a significant difference among them(χ~2= 589.57, P <0.01). The main style of the sanitary latrines was three-cell. The percentages of the processing mode by which feces in household latrines were emptied into the sewerage system were 37.50%(15/40), 60.00%(24/40), 67.50%(27/40), and 67.50%(27/40) in 2018-2021, respectively, with a significant difference among them(χ~2= 9.94, P = 0.019). The domestic sewage was discharged by sanitary sewers completely in 2021, and the percentage of the campaign of killing the four pests was significantly increased year by year(all P <0.05). The contents of lead and cadmium were higher than the standard risk screening value of soil environmental quality for soil contamination of agricultural land.Conclusion Rural environmental sanitation in Nanjing has been improved year by year, and vector control and soil heavy metal monitoring should be further strengthened.