山西省太原市居民暴露参数调查

A preliminary investigation of exposure factors among residents in Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province,China

目的调查山西省太原市人群的区域化环境暴露参数。方法依据《暴露参数调查技术规范》中的暴露参数方法学,采用问卷调查和实际测量的方法,于2016年9月-2017年1月,调查山西省太原市成年居民呼吸速率、摄入量、皮肤表面积、饮水量、饮食量、室内外活动时间、交通出行时间、土壤平均接触时间等暴露参数。结果该地区成年男性和成年女性平均身高分别为171.21和159.67 cm,平均体重分别为69.14和59.23 kg,皮肤表面积分别为1.76和1.58 m^(2);该地区成人呼吸速率为13.34 m^(3)/d,各年龄段呼吸速率位于(12.40~14.30)m^(3)/d之间,直接饮水量为1.35 L/d,居民主要食用米面及其制品、蔬菜,分别占总饮食量的33.5%、34.4%;该地区成年居民平均室内活动时间为19.17 h/d,室外活动时间为3.83 h/d,交通出行时间为0.91 h/d,土壤平均接触时间为0.92 h/d,平均洗澡时间为8.54 min/d,居民平均游泳时间为119.15 min/月。结论本研究获得的太原市居民暴露参数可为提高当地环境健康风险评估的准确性提供数据支持。

Objective To obtain the regional environmental exposure factors through an investigation in Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province,China.Methods Based on the methodology for exposure factors in Technical Regulation of Investigation on Exposure Factors,the method of questionnaire survey and actual measurement were used to investigate the exposure factors including respiration,intake,body surface area,daily water intake,daily dietary intake,indoor and outdoor activity time,traffic time,and mean soil contact time in Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province from September 2016 to January 2017.Results In Taiyuan,the mean body height was 171.21 cm for adult males and 159.67 cm for adult females,and the mean body weight was 69.14 kg for adult males and 59.23 kg for adult females.The body surface area was 1.76 m^(2)for adult males and 1.58 m^(2)for adult females.The respiration rate was 13.34 m^(3)/d for adults in this city,with a range of 12.40-14.30 m^(3)/d in different age groups.The daily water intake for adults was 1.35 L/d,and rice/flour products and vegetables were the main food for the residents,accounting for 33.5%and 34.4%,respectively,of the total daily dietary intake.The adult residents in this city had a mean indoor activity time of 19.17 h/d,a mean outdoor activity time of 3.83 h/d,and a traffic time of 0.91 h/d.The mean soil contact time was 0.92 h/d,the mean time was 8.54 min/d,and the mean swimming time was 119.15 min/m.Conclusion Exposure factors of residents in Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province were obtained,which provides data support for the accuracy of local environmental health risk assessment.