新疆某职业院校新生结核潜伏感染的影响因素分析

Factors affecting latent tuberculosis infection among freshmen in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的了解新疆某职业院校新生结核潜伏感染(LTBI)情况,并分析影响因素,为职业类院校结核病防控工作提供依据。方法以新疆某职业院校2020年入学的所有新生为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学资料、生活方式、结核病接触史、宿舍和教室通风消毒频率以及结核病防治核心知识知晓情况。采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物试验和X线胸片检查筛查LTBI情况。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析LTBI的影响因素。结果筛查新生5463人,筛查率为100.00%。男生2151人,女生3312人,性别比为0.65︰1,年龄为(16.83±1.05)岁。LTBI检出388例,检出率为7.10%,未发现活动性肺结核患者;其中男生LTBI检出率为9.44%,女生为5.59%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男生(OR=1.587,95%CI:1.281~1.965)、吸烟(OR=2.108,95%CI:1.355~3.278)、家庭成员有结核病史(OR=2.851,95%CI:1.615~5.034)是新生LTBI的危险因素;知晓结核病防治核心知识(OR=0.276,95%CI:0.218~0.350)是新生LTBI的保护因素。结论该职业院校新生LTBI风险与性别、吸烟、家庭成员结核病史、结核病防治核心知识知晓情况有关。应加强对新疆职业类院校学生的结核病防治核心知识的宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among freshmen in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,so as to provide insights into tuberculosis con⁃trol in vocational colleges.Methods All freshmen enrolled in a vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Re⁃gion in 2020 were recruited and participants'demographics,life style,history of tuberculosis contacts,frequency of venti⁃lation and disinfection in dormitories and classrooms and awareness of core tuberculosis control knowledge were collect⁃ed through questionnaire surveys.LTBI was detected among freshmen by means of purified protein derivative test(PPD skin test)and chest X-ray scans,and the factors affecting LTBI were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 5463 freshmen were screened for LTBI,with a screening rate of 100.00%,and the partici⁃pants included 2151 men and 3312 women,with a male/female ratio of 0.65︰1,and had a mean age of(16.83±1.05)years.A total of 388 freshmen were detected with LTBI,with a detection rate of 7.10%,and no active pulmonary tuberculosis was detected.The prevalence of LTBI was 9.44%in men and 5.59%in women.Multivariable logistic re⁃gression analysis identified males(OR=1.587,95%CI:1.281-1.965),smoking(OR=2.108,95%CI:1.355-3.278)and a his⁃tory of tuberculosis of families(OR=2.851,95%CI:1.615-5.034)as risk factors for LTBI among freshmen,and knowing core tuberculosis control knowledge as a protective factor of LTBI among freshmen(OR=0.276,95%CI:0.218-0.350).Conclusions The risk of LTBI was associated with gender,smoking,history of tuberculosis of families and understand⁃ing of the core tuberculosis control knowledge among freshmen in this vocational college in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Health education about the core tuberculosis control knowledge is recommended to be reinforced among students in vocational colleges in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.