文史互动:明代杂传书写策略初探

InteractionBetween Literature and History:A Study of Writing Strategies of Miscellaneous Biographies in Ming Dynasty

作为文学之一体,杂传具有载人记事、笔志见闻等功能;而作为传统史部一类和史之一体,杂传在补正史之阙、纠正史之非的同时,也为正史的修撰保存了大量的史料,以备后世修史之用。关于史学和文学对杂传的影响,章学诚曾以“史学不专家,而文集有传记”来概括。这一观点既指出了杂传与史学、杂传与文学之间都存在密不可分联系,又点明了杂传经历了由史部转入集部的发展路径。明代杂传沿袭了唐宋以来文史兼顾的书写方式,在保留着史学底色的同时,融入大量文学的笔法,最终确立了文史通融的杂传书写策略,并完成了杂传从史部向集部的转变。

As a style of literature,miscellaneous biographies have the functions of keeping a record of people and events.As a traditional history and a style of historiography,miscellaneous biographies not only fill the gaps in the official history and correct the historical mistakes,but also save a lot of historical materials for the revision of the official history in the future.As for the influence of history and literature on miscellaneous biographies,Zhang Xuecheng once summarized that"history is not an expert,but anthologies have biographies".This view not only points out that miscellaneous biographies are inextricably linked with both historiography and literature,but also indicates that miscellaneous biographies have experienced the development from history to belles-lettres.The miscellaneous biographies of the Ming Dynasty followed the writing method of giving consideration to both literature and history since the Tang and Song Dynasties.While retaining the historical details,miscellaneous biographies integrated a lot of literary writing techniques,and finally established the strategy of writing miscellaneous biographies with the integration of literature and history,and completed the transformation of miscellaneous biographies from history to belles-lettres.