台湾地区小学教科书的郑成功书写(1901-1987)

Depicting Zheng Chenggong in the Taiwan Region Elementary School Textbooks(1901—1987)

1895年日本占据台湾地区后,向台湾地区民众宣传郑成功的日本血统,企图渲染其殖民统治的“历史依据”。因此,以台人子弟就读为主的初等教育机构——公学校,在各期日语教科书中便多次出现有关郑成功的内容。日本殖民当局还延续台人崇祀郑成功的传统,将延平郡王祠改立为开山神社。1949年国民党政权迁台后,为了动员民众致力于所谓的“反攻大陆”,其所塑造的郑成功形象,除断开郑成功与日本的关联,高度标举郑成功逐退荷兰殖民者、收复台湾地区、开发台湾地区的事迹外,还特别强调郑成功反清复明的意志,移孝作忠的气节,在各期小学教科书中对郑成功大加着墨。反之,对于郑成功之父郑芝龙则用“海盗”字眼称之,且对其变节投降清朝,也多采批判态度。

After occupying Taiwain region in 1895,the Japanese colonial government propagated Zheng Chenggong's“Japanese blood”to underscore the legitimacy of colonial rule.The public ele⁃mentary schools for Taiwan Residents children adopted Japanese-language textbooks with frequent reference to Zheng Chenggong.In the meanwhile,the Japanese colonial government continued the local wor⁃ship of Zheng Chenggong but converted the Koxinga Temple to the Kaishan Shinto Shrine.After Kuomintang moved to Taiwan region in 1949,the new regime mobilized the image of Zheng Chenggong for the“counterattack against the mainland”.The depiction of Zheng in the elementary school textbooks went beyond the narrative of defeating Dutch colonists and recovering Taiwan region by highlighting his de⁃termination to fight against the Qing dynasty and restore the Ming dynasty or advocating his commit⁃ment to transforming filial piety into political loyalty.In contrast,Zheng's father—Zheng Zhilong—was condemned as a pirate and criticized for his surrender to the Qing dynasty.