戎装厂社:根据地时期中国共产党企业管理及其特点

The CPC’s Business Management of Military Uniform Factories and Firms in the Revolutionary Base Period and Its Characteristics

“戎装厂社”是指中国共产党为了革命斗争胜利的迫切需要,在根据地建立起来的一系列兵工厂、民用工厂及商社的形象称谓。中国共产党最早开始领导和管理企业的实践,是从根据地时期创办兵工厂开始的。在不同历史时期,中国共产党领导创办的兵工厂、民用工厂和商社等,具有鲜明的战时经济特点和强烈的军事色彩。对戎装厂社生产经营特点及其逐步发展壮大的因素分析,有助于我们更好了解中国革命胜利的原因,也为我们理解新中国成立后计划经济体制建立与运行,提供了历史镜鉴与启示。

The so-called“military uniform factories and firms”refers to a series of arsenals,civilian factories and firms established in revolutionary bases by the CPC to meet the urgent demand for victory of revolutionary struggle.The CPC’s earliest practice of leading and managing enterprises began from the creation of arsenals in the revolutionary base period.In different historical periods,the arsenals,civilian factories and firms created under the CPC’s leadership were characterized by the distinct feature of wartime economy and a strong military color.Analyzing the production and operating characteristics as well as the factors determining the expansion of military uniform factories and firms is helpful for us to better understand the reason of the victory of Chinese revolution,and they also provide a mirror and enlightenment for understanding the establishment and running of the planned economy system after the new China was established.